Water And ATP Flashcards
What is the structure of water?
H2O
Water is a polar molecule due to the slight unequal distribution in electrons forming slight charges on the atoms in water.
This enables water to act as a solvent and gives it the ability to form hydrogen bonds.
What are some important properties of water?
Liquid at room temperature Solvent Ice is less dense than water Cohesion Adhesion Incompressible High specific heat capacity and high latent heat of vaporisation.
What are the benefits of water being a liquid at room temperature?
Can therefore be used as
Habitats
Tissue
Reaction mediums
Transport mediums
What is ice being less dense than water a good thing?
Ensures that ice floats on the waters surface so bodies of water do not freeze completely ensure wildlife do not lose their habitat during cold seasons.
Explain the solvent properties of water.
Due to water being a polar molecule, it can act as a solvent in metabolic reactions.
Also enables transport of substances
What is cohesion?
Where water molecules can bind to each other via hydrogen bonds.
Enables water to have surface tension to provide a habitat in the waters surface.
What is adhesion?
Water sticking to other substances
Enables water to move up the xylem
What are the benefits of water being incompressible?
Ensures that cells maintain their size and shape
Explain the high specific heat capacity and Karen heat of vaporisation properties of water.
High specific heat capacity ensures there is a stable temperature and therefore a stable habitat.
When water evaporates, the heat is maintained in the vapour and therefore as the water evaporates the body of water/ surface the water is on cools down (sweat)
What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate.
A nucleotide made up of a nitrogenous base, pentode sugar and 3x phosphate groups.
How is ATP created?
In plants:
Chloroplasts carry out photo phosphorylation during photosynthesis.
In animals and plants
The mitochondria carry out oxidative phosphorylation during respiration.
Plant and animal cells where phosphate groups are transferred from donor molecules to ADP is substrate level phosphorylation
What is the equation for creating ATP?
And what type of reaction is it?
ADP + Pi ————> ATP + water
(Enzyme ATPsynthase)
Condensation reaction.
ATP + water ————> ADP + Pi
(Enzyme ATPhydrolase)
What are the functions of ATP?
Short term energy:
Due to unstable bonds preventing ARP from being stored and is therefore used as an immediate energy source.
Hydrolysed in a 1 step process
Where is ATP used?
In metabolic processes (eg building macromolecules)
Used in movement ( muscle contraction)
Used in active transport
Used in secretion
Used in the activation of molecules (glycolysis)
