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Bio L6 (1) Biological Molecules > Water > Flashcards

Water Flashcards

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1
Q

Solvent - Definition.

A

A liquid substance which can dissolve a wide range of molecules.

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2
Q

Specific Heat Capacity - Definition.

A

The amount of heat that is required to create a rise in 1kg (of water) by 1*C.

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3
Q

Latent Heat of Vaporisation - Definition.

A

The amount of heat needed to turn a substance into a gas.

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4
Q

Density - Definition.

A

A measure of mass per unit volume.

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5
Q

Adhesion - Definition.

A

The tendency of molecules to be attracted to other molecules of a different type.

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6
Q

Cohesion - Definition.

A

The tendency of molecules of a substance to attract to one another.

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7
Q

Capillarity - Definition.

A

The result of intermolecular forces between various molecules.

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8
Q

Surface Tension - Definition.

A

The uneven distribution of force at a boundary interface caused by molecular bonding.

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9
Q

Liquid - Definition.

A

A state of matter in which all the particles are free to move.

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10
Q

Molecular Mobility - Definition.

A

The ability of a molecule to move freely in a substance.

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11
Q

Transparent - Definition.

A

The ability for light to penetrate a substance fully.

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12
Q

Viscosity - Definition.

A

A fluid’s resistance to flow.

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13
Q

Compression - Definition.

A

The ability for particles to be squashed to decrease their volume.

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14
Q

Polarity - Definition.

A

Uneven distribution of charges in a molecule.

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15
Q

Hydrogen Bond - Definition.

A

A chemical bond formed between the positive charge on a hydrogen atom and the negative charge on another atom of an adjacent molecule.

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16
Q

Amphoteric - Definition.

A

The ability of a molecule to function as either an acid or a base.

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17
Q

Solvent - Biological Importance.

A

Allows water to act as a transport medium for polar molecules, causing them to dissociate.
It also allows for removal of metabolic wastes such as urea and ammonia.

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18
Q

Specific Heat Capacity - Biological Importance.

A

Lots of energy is required to raise the temp of water, (it has a high specific heat capacity), meaning it acts as a temperature buffer in cells to stop denaturation due to temp changes.

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19
Q

Latent Heat of Vaporisation - Biological Importance.

A

Water within cells and aquatic habitats is slow to freeze and therefore provides a more stable environment.

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20
Q

Density - Biological Importance.

A

Helps nutrient cycling in aquatic environments.

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21
Q

Adhesion - Biological Importance.

A

A strong force of attraction between water molecules and xylem walls allow transpiration to occur.

22
Q

Which property causes “water to be wet”?

A

Adhesion.

23
Q

Cohesion - Biological Importance.

A

Molecules are pulled inwards causing them to move up the xylem tissue during transpiration.

24
Q

Capillarity - Biological Importance.

A

The result of intermolecular forces between various molecules.

25
Q

Surface Tension - Biological Importance.

A

The surface of water forms a skin which is strong enough to support small aquatic animals.

26
Q

Liquid - Biological Importance.

A

It remains a liquid over a wide temperature range which allows for stability in metabolic reactions and biological processes.

27
Q

Molecular Mobility - Biological Importance.

A

Water molecules can easily move in osmosis.

28
Q

Transparent - Biological Importance.

A

Allows aquatic plants to photosynthesise.

29
Q

Viscosity - Biological Importance.

A

Enables water to flow easily through tubes such as the xylem and capillaries.

30
Q

Compression - Biological Importance.

A

Makes water a great support medium for many things such as the general support of large aquatic animals.

31
Q

Amphoteric - Biological Importance.

A

Water can act as a pH buffer to maintain enzyme reaction are carried out at an optimum pH.

32
Q

Formula of water?

A

H20

33
Q

Air can easily compress in a syringe, explain what happens to water:

A

The water will not compress and maintains its volume.

34
Q

Why is it so hard to change the temperature of a large body of water?

A

The high specific heat capacity means it requires great amounts of energy.

35
Q

Is water a polar or non-polar molecule?

A

Polar.

36
Q

Where are the polar charges on a water molecule?

A

There is a small - charge on the Oxygen and a small + charge surrounding the Hydrogens.

37
Q

What type of reaction is water required for?

A

Hydrolysis.

38
Q

What type of reaction releases water?

A

Condensation.

39
Q

Is water electronegative?

A

Yes, water is strongly electronegative.

40
Q

Water is a metabolite, what does this mean?

A

Hydrolysis reactions require a water molecule and condensation reactions release a water molecule.

41
Q

Explain the structure of a water molecule?

A

One atom of O and two atoms of H joined together by shared electrons, the shared negative hydrogen electrons are pulled towards the oxygen atoms and are left with a slight negative charge.

42
Q

Two molecules of water are held together how?

A

Through hydrogen bonds, the slightly negatively-charged oxygen atoms attract the slightly positively-charged hydrogen atoms of the other molecules.

43
Q

Water is very cohesive, what does this aid?

A

Aids water transport in plants up the xylem and transport in other organisms.

44
Q

How is water used as a metabolite in the formation of proteins?

A

Amino acids are joined together to make polypeptides by condensation reactions.

45
Q

How is water used as a metabolite in the release of energy?

A

Energy from ATP is released through a hydrolysis reaction which requires a water molecule.

46
Q

How can water act as a buffer to changes in temperature?

A

The hydrogen bonds between water molecules can absorb a lot of energy (high specific heat capacity).

47
Q

Why is water acting as a buffer a benefit for organisms?

A

It helps them to maintain a constant, stable internal body temperature.

48
Q

Why is water known as polar?

A

There is a positive and negative end of the molecule.

49
Q

Which property of water allows it to be such a successful solvent?

A

Its polarity.

50
Q

Why does sweat form ‘droplets’?

A

Because of the strong cohesion between H2O molecules.

51
Q

Why can ‘pond skaters’, and some other insects “walk” on water?

A

Due to the strong cohesion of water molecules.

52
Q

Which property of water allows it to have a strong cohesion?

A

Polarity.

Bio L6 (1) Biological Molecules (13 decks)

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