Water

Question 1

Describe the distribution of water in the world?

Answer 1

1. 97% is in the ocean
2. 3% is freshwater
3. 76% is in glaciers and icecaps
   23% ground water
4. 1% is surface water, rivers, lakes, and streams

Question 2

How long can you live without water?

Answer 2

A few days

Question 3

Any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under graviw

Answer 3

Precipitation

Question 4

The process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor

Answer 4

Evaporation

Question 5

The process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere.

Answer 5

Transpiration

Question 6

Freshwater above the ground in rivers, lakes and streams

Answer 6

Surface Water

Question 7

Water that soaks into the ground and is stored

Answer 7

Ground Water

Question 8

Large areas of stored water in rock formations

Answer 8

Aquifer

Question 9

Areas where groundwater reaches the surface

Answer 9

Recharge Zone

Question 10

Drilled aquifers

Answer 10

Well

Question 11

Entire area that is drained by a river

Answer 11

Watershed

Question 12

Water that is stored that is used when there isn’t enough water in an area

Answer 12

Water Storage

Question 13

List the solutions for water storage?

Answer 13

1. Dams
2. Desalination Plants
3. Towing Icebergs
4. Water Conservation

Question 14

Describe Desalination Plants

Answer 14

Remove salt from ocean water

Question 15

Describe Water Conservation

Answer 15

Not waiting water, low flow toilets, New faucets

Question 16

Where do most big cities get their water?

Answer 16

Freshwater above ground in rivers, lakes and streams (Surface water)

Question 17

Structure built across a river or stream that prevents most water from moving downstream

Answer 17

Dam

Question 18

What do dams provide?

Answer 18

1. Flood control
2. Electricity
3. Water needs

Question 19

How do dams effect ecosystems?

Answer 19

Dams prevent most water from moving downstream

Question 20

Where do dams effect the ecosystem?

Answer 20

Downstream

Question 21

Littoral Zone Location

Answer 21

It is close to the shore

Question 22

Littoral Zone Consumers

Answer 22

Tiny crustaceans, flatworm, insert larvae, snails, frogs, fish, and turtles

Question 23

Littoral Zone Producers

Answer 23

Plants rooted to the bottom, algae attached to the plants, and a by other solid substrate

Question 24

Limnetic Zone Location

Answer 24

Open water where photosynthesis can occur

Question 25

Limnetic Zone Consumers

Answer 25

Zooplankton and swimming insects and fish

Question 26

Limnetic Zone Producers

Answer 26

Planktonic algae

Question 27

Profundal Zone Location

Answer 27

The deepest part of the lake

Question 28

Profundal Zone Consumers

Answer 28

Consumers that are either attached to or crawl along sediments at the bottom of the lakes

Question 29

Profundal Zone Producers

Answer 29

Bacteria and fungi

Question 30

Plankton consisting of microscopic plants

Answer 30

Phytoplankton

Question 31

Microscopic crustaceans and rotifers

Answer 31

Zooplankton

Question 32

How does depth and light affect what lives in a lake?

Answer 32

If it is too deep then not enough light can reach there to support net primary production

Question 33

List the seasonal cycle of a lake?

Answer 33

1. Fall Overturn 2. Winter Stratification 3. Spring Overturn 4. Summer Stratification

Question 34

Describe fall overturn

Answer 34

1. Wind causes the mixing of the water | 2. Nutrients, temperature, and oxygen levels become more uniform

Question 35

Describe winter stratification

Answer 35

1. Ice freezes on top of the lake, which causes the most dense water to sink. 2. This allows for fish and amphibians to live under the ice and not freeze

Question 36

Describe spring overturn

Answer 36

1. Wind and rain causes the water to mix | 2. Distribution of nutrients, oxygen, and temperature is even

Question 37

Describe summer stratification

Answer 37

1. Water near the top stays at a warmer temperature than the water below. 2. This causes the water to have distinct layers based upon temperature 3. Nutrients and oxygen are not mixed

Question 38

How do amphibians survive during winter under water?

Answer 38

The warmer the water is most dense at 39·, so it sinks

Question 39

Why does ice float?

Answer 39

It is less dense than water b/c the particles in ice are more spread out

Question 40

Describe the temperature and O² levels

Answer 40

1. Below 5.0 mg/L is a problem 2. Acceptable is 5.0-20 mg/L 3. You can have too much O2

Question 41

How does oxygen get into water?

Answer 41

1. Acration 2. Photosynthesis 3. Diffusion of Air

Question 42

Describe pH

Answer 42

1. pH can make other toxins more toxic to animals and plants | 2. 6-9 pH is tolerable

Question 43

How does pH affect the environment?

Answer 43

1. Synergistic effect on animals | 2. Combination of two or more substances produces a greater affect than the sun

Question 44

How does dissolved oxygen affect the environment

Answer 44

Animals need O2 to breath, but not too much

Question 45

Describe Nitrogen

Answer 45

Found in plants and used to make proteins

Question 46

How does nitrogen affect the environment

Answer 46

1. Nutrients in water | 2. Nitrates can reduce the O2 carrying ability in blood

Question 47

Describe phosphate

Answer 47

Key component in the growth of plants and animals

Question 48

How does phosphate affect the environment?

Answer 48

1. Rain washes it into water | 2. Can cause a growth of aquatic plants and plankton which provides food for fish

Question 49

Describe chloroform bacteria

Answer 49

Collection of harmless bacteria that lives in the intestines of mammals

Question 50

How does chloroform bacteria affect the environment?

Answer 50

1. The presence of fecal coliform in a sign of contamination of fecal matter 2. The water will probably contain pathogens found in the waste of animals 3. Fecal coliform is an indicator of a potential health risk for those exposed to the water

Question 51

Describe dissolved oxygen

Answer 51

Amounts of O2 in water

Question 52

What are 2 main sources of drinking water?

Answer 52

1. Ground water | 2. Surface water

Question 53

Why do state and federal regulations require surface water systems to treat their water?

Answer 53

Surface water systems are exposed to direct wet weather runoff and to the atmosphere and are therefore more easily contaminated

Question 54

A series of processes applied in sequence

Answer 54

Treatment train

Question 55

Water treatment processes that combine or "coagulate" small particles into large particles

Answer 55

Flocculation/Sedimentation

Question 56

It clarifies water and enhances the effectiveness of disinfection

Answer 56

Filteration

Question 57

They are used to remove inorganic contaminants if they cannot be removed adequately by filteration or sedimentation

Answer 57

Absorption

Question 58

Water is often disinfected before it enters the distribution system to ensure the potentially dangerous microbes are killed

Answer 58

Disinfection

Question 59

What are the major classes of contaminants that must be tested?

Answer 59

1. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) 2. Synthetic Organic Compounds (SOC) 3. Inorganic Compounds (IOC) 4. Radionuclides 5. Microbial Organisms

Question 60

What could cause contamination in the distribution system?

Answer 60

1. Water main breaks 2. Pressure problems 3. Growth of microorganisms