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Adv. Biology & Enviornmental Science > Water > Flashcards

Water Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Describe the distribution of water in the world?

A
  1. 97% is in the ocean
  2. 3% is freshwater
  3. 76% is in glaciers and icecaps
    23% ground water
  4. 1% is surface water, rivers, lakes, and streams
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2
Q

How long can you live without water?

A

A few days

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3
Q

Any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under graviw

A

Precipitation

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4
Q

The process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor

A

Evaporation

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5
Q

The process by which moisture is carried through plants from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapor and is released to the atmosphere.

A

Transpiration

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6
Q

Freshwater above the ground in rivers, lakes and streams

A

Surface Water

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7
Q

Water that soaks into the ground and is stored

A

Ground Water

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8
Q

Large areas of stored water in rock formations

A

Aquifer

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9
Q

Areas where groundwater reaches the surface

A

Recharge Zone

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10
Q

Drilled aquifers

A

Well

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11
Q

Entire area that is drained by a river

A

Watershed

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12
Q

Water that is stored that is used when there isn’t enough water in an area

A

Water Storage

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13
Q

List the solutions for water storage?

A
  1. Dams
  2. Desalination Plants
  3. Towing Icebergs
  4. Water Conservation
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14
Q

Describe Desalination Plants

A

Remove salt from ocean water

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15
Q

Describe Water Conservation

A

Not waiting water, low flow toilets, New faucets

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16
Q

Where do most big cities get their water?

A

Freshwater above ground in rivers, lakes and streams (Surface water)

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17
Q

Structure built across a river or stream that prevents most water from moving downstream

A

Dam

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18
Q

What do dams provide?

A
  1. Flood control
  2. Electricity
  3. Water needs
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19
Q

How do dams effect ecosystems?

A

Dams prevent most water from moving downstream

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20
Q

Where do dams effect the ecosystem?

A

Downstream

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21
Q

Littoral Zone Location

A

It is close to the shore

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22
Q

Littoral Zone Consumers

A

Tiny crustaceans, flatworm, insert larvae, snails, frogs, fish, and turtles

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23
Q

Littoral Zone Producers

A

Plants rooted to the bottom, algae attached to the plants, and a by other solid substrate

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24
Q

Limnetic Zone Location

A

Open water where photosynthesis can occur

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25
Q

Limnetic Zone Consumers

A

Zooplankton and swimming insects and fish

26
Q

Limnetic Zone Producers

A

Planktonic algae

27
Q

Profundal Zone Location

A

The deepest part of the lake

28
Q

Profundal Zone Consumers

A

Consumers that are either attached to or crawl along sediments at the bottom of the lakes

29
Q

Profundal Zone Producers

A

Bacteria and fungi

30
Q

Plankton consisting of microscopic plants

A

Phytoplankton

31
Q

Microscopic crustaceans and rotifers

A

Zooplankton

32
Q

How does depth and light affect what lives in a lake?

A

If it is too deep then not enough light can reach there to support net primary production

33
Q

List the seasonal cycle of a lake?

A
  1. Fall Overturn
  2. Winter Stratification
  3. Spring Overturn
  4. Summer Stratification
34
Q

Describe fall overturn

A
  1. Wind causes the mixing of the water

2. Nutrients, temperature, and oxygen levels become more uniform

35
Q

Describe winter stratification

A
  1. Ice freezes on top of the lake, which causes the most dense water to sink.
  2. This allows for fish and amphibians to live under the ice and not freeze
36
Q

Describe spring overturn

A
  1. Wind and rain causes the water to mix

2. Distribution of nutrients, oxygen, and temperature is even

37
Q

Describe summer stratification

A
  1. Water near the top stays at a warmer temperature than the water below.
  2. This causes the water to have distinct layers based upon temperature
  3. Nutrients and oxygen are not mixed
38
Q

How do amphibians survive during winter under water?

A

The warmer the water is most dense at 39·, so it sinks

39
Q

Why does ice float?

A

It is less dense than water b/c the particles in ice are more spread out

40
Q

Describe the temperature and O² levels

A
  1. Below 5.0 mg/L is a problem
  2. Acceptable is 5.0-20 mg/L
  3. You can have too much O2
41
Q

How does oxygen get into water?

A
  1. Acration
  2. Photosynthesis
  3. Diffusion of Air
42
Q

Describe pH

A
  1. pH can make other toxins more toxic to animals and plants

2. 6-9 pH is tolerable

43
Q

How does pH affect the environment?

A
  1. Synergistic effect on animals

2. Combination of two or more substances produces a greater affect than the sun

44
Q

How does dissolved oxygen affect the environment

A

Animals need O2 to breath, but not too much

45
Q

Describe Nitrogen

A

Found in plants and used to make proteins

46
Q

How does nitrogen affect the environment

A
  1. Nutrients in water

2. Nitrates can reduce the O2 carrying ability in blood

47
Q

Describe phosphate

A

Key component in the growth of plants and animals

48
Q

How does phosphate affect the environment?

A
  1. Rain washes it into water

2. Can cause a growth of aquatic plants and plankton which provides food for fish

49
Q

Describe chloroform bacteria

A

Collection of harmless bacteria that lives in the intestines of mammals

50
Q

How does chloroform bacteria affect the environment?

A
  1. The presence of fecal coliform in a sign of contamination of fecal matter
  2. The water will probably contain pathogens found in the waste of animals
  3. Fecal coliform is an indicator of a potential health risk for those exposed to the water
51
Q

Describe dissolved oxygen

A

Amounts of O2 in water

52
Q

What are 2 main sources of drinking water?

A
  1. Ground water

2. Surface water

53
Q

Why do state and federal regulations require surface water systems to treat their water?

A

Surface water systems are exposed to direct wet weather runoff and to the atmosphere and are therefore more easily contaminated

54
Q

A series of processes applied in sequence

A

Treatment train

55
Q

Water treatment processes that combine or “coagulate” small particles into large particles

A

Flocculation/Sedimentation

56
Q

It clarifies water and enhances the effectiveness of disinfection

A

Filteration

57
Q

They are used to remove inorganic contaminants if they cannot be removed adequately by filteration or sedimentation

A

Absorption

58
Q

Water is often disinfected before it enters the distribution system to ensure the potentially dangerous microbes are killed

A

Disinfection

59
Q

What are the major classes of contaminants that must be tested?

A
  1. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)
  2. Synthetic Organic Compounds (SOC)
  3. Inorganic Compounds (IOC)
  4. Radionuclides
  5. Microbial Organisms
60
Q

What could cause contamination in the distribution system?

A
  1. Water main breaks
  2. Pressure problems
  3. Growth of microorganisms

Adv. Biology & Enviornmental Science (6 decks)

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