Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Adv. Biology & Enviornmental Science > Human Evolution > Flashcards

Human Evolution Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What separates humans from all other animals?

A

Intellect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is self discipline connected to being human?

A

Humans can control our instincts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A individual species within the family

A

Hominid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The field of science which studies the human fossil record

A

Paleoanthropology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The study of ancient life forms

A

Palentology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The study of humans

A

Anthropology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When (why) did hominids walk upright?

A

When ancient hominid adapted to life on the ground, rather than in the trees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the relationship between brain size and intelligence

A

Brain size is the only measure of the growth of intellect in hominid history.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the relationship between the environment and evolution?

A

Changes in the environment drive evolution. Evolution adapts to the environment. If the environment doesn’t change, then evolution doesn’t happen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How did the mountain ranges and valleys affect the climate?

A

The formation of them led to changes in wind and rainfall patterns.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why is bipedalism an advantage?

A

It improved the ability of a hominid to see over tall grasses to pursue game or seek protection from predators.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain why more then one “type” of human existed at one time.

A

Populations in different environments evolved different adaptations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does body shape change for a cold and a warm environment?

A

Having tall, lean bodies with lots of skin exposed to cooling winds would have gotten rid of heat very well. This adaption helped the species survive hotter, more open environments of Africa. Short, wide bodies conserved heat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does food source affect the shape of the teeth and jaws?

A

The shape of the teeth changed with the change of food source. Tougher foods lead to stronger jaws.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does bipedalism affect Forclimbs?

A

It left the forearms free for other jobs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does bipedalism affect sun exposure?

A

Reduces the area of the body receiving sun exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does bipedalism affect wind?

A

The bulk of the body is raised high off the ground, benefiting from the cooling effect of the wind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When did brain size of humans increase the most?

A

A period which global climates and environments changed dramatically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How was australopithecines living in trees and on ground beneficial?

A

It helped them survive the environments changing between wooded and open habitats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How was tool making beneficial?

A

It increases the variety and quantities of different foods they could eat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How was expanded diet beneficial?

A

It helped them survive unexpected changes in the environment and the food supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How were caves for shelter beneficial?

A

Helped them avoid the the cold during the colder seasons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How was the use of fire beneficial?

A

It was used to create warmth, cook food, and protect themselves from other animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How was the use of animal hides beneficial?

A

It was warn for warmth during glacial periods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How does successful evolution of an animal species occur?

A

Trial and error, false starts and failed experiments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What species does Lucy belong to?

A

Australopithecus Afarensis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the characteristics of A. afarensis and what does it say about their diet?

A

Smaller molars, larger canines and thinner tooth enamel; it was easy to chew fruits and vegetables

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the first significant modification that separated our ancestors form apes?

A

Bipedalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What did the changes in the climate cause? How would bipedalism possibly be an advantage?

A

Eastern and southern Africa turn into open grassland from dense forests.

  1. Let them scan the horizon for predators
  2. Exposed less body surface to the sun
  3. Freed their hands for carrying food
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the difference between making and using tools? How is this considered technology?

A

Making tools you craft them and using tools you use them the way you find them. The hominids selected workable materials and they carried the tools wherever they travel.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How does the use of blades and stone hammers permit a change in the diet? How did it change?

A

It let them exploit a broader range of habitats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What evolutionary consequences did the change in diet lead to?

A
  1. Leave Africa and colonize most of the globe

2. The expansion of the brain

33
Q

What allows the brain to grow bigger?

A

High energy food

34
Q

What was the conclusion of comparing DNA of modern humans and Neanderthal?

A

The differences were enough to rule out significant interbreading.

35
Q

What role does technology play in the future of the evolution of man?

A

We now really consist of a single huge population. Technology has eliminated natural selection.

36
Q

What does the scientific name for Lucy mean?

A

Australopithecus: Southern ape

Aferensis: Found in Atheopia

37
Q

Describe the environment 8 million years ago, how did it change, and how did it change?

A

Tropical

38
Q

What formed when India collided with Asia, and how did it affect the climate of Africa and Asia?

A

The Himalayas; create the dense consumes of Asia and no water for Africa

39
Q

What is the differences between the pelvis of an ape and a hominid, why are they shaped that way?

A

The ape is narrow and has a ridge for muscles, Lucy’s is not

Balance the weight above the feet, holds the gut up, and walk upright

40
Q

What are the advantages of walking upright?

A
  1. You can see over the tall grasses, you can see predators

2. Saving energy, walking upright saves energy

41
Q

What does the shape of the skull and size of molars of a hominid say about their diet?

A

They eat animal protein

42
Q

What does homo hablis mean?

A

Homo: Man (Latin)

Habilis: Handy man

43
Q

How did homo hablis survive without big teeth and jaws?

A

Curious and smart, tools, and used their brains

44
Q

What does homo egaster mean?

A

The working man

45
Q

What does the frontal lobe of the brain control?

A

Emotional control, speech

46
Q

Why was egaster able to survive the hot temperature?

A
  1. Long noses cools the air around them
  2. Hairless bodies
  3. Evaporating sweat
47
Q

What made the brain grow, besides change in diet?

A

Observing the world and learning from it

48
Q

How much energy does the brain use daily?

A

20 ‘/. of their daily cal.

49
Q

What does homo erectus mean?

A

Upright man

50
Q

Why is erectus a good chewer?

A

Structures on the sides for muscles (at attach them)

51
Q

What does erectus make tools out of?

A

Bamboo

52
Q

What promoted the next change in evolution, and what was it used for?

A

Fire; warmth and safty

53
Q

What does homo hidelburgensis mean?

A

Hidleburg man (the name came from a German town)

54
Q

How did hidelburgensis take care of thier injured and dead?

A

Injured: They use wild urbes to stop infection

Dead: They leave the body

55
Q

How did the climate change 500,000 yrs ago in the North and South?

A

North: Iceage

South: Dought

56
Q

How did adaptions of the body and nose shape allow the Neanderthal to survive in the north?

A

Body: Short limbs help keep the heat in

Nose: They are big to cool them down

57
Q

How did harsh environment change the mind?

A

They shrug off incredible pain

58
Q

What does homo sapiens mean?

A

Wise/thinking man

59
Q

How did the climate of Africa change the shape of Homo Sapiens?

A

They are tall, thin, and have dark skin

60
Q

Thinking ahead

A

Imagination

61
Q

What did imagination allow homo sapiens to do?

A

Survive

62
Q

What does Rudimentary mean?

A

Small

63
Q

Pericentric Inversion

A

An inversion that contains the centromere and has break points in both arms

64
Q

What allowed homo erectus to move around the world?

A

Portable weapons

65
Q

The purposeful crafting of an object is?

A

Tool making

66
Q

What is Southern Ape?

A

Australopithicus

67
Q

The ability to walk upright is?

A

Bipedal

68
Q

Stronger and stickier then modern man?

A

Homo Neanderthalensis

69
Q

Evolution does not occur if the _______ doesn’t change?

A

Environment

70
Q

What can we get to because of hammers?

A

Bone marrow

71
Q

Which one looked like an ape?

A

Australopithecus Aferensis

72
Q

Where is the cradle of mankind?

A

Africa

73
Q

A tough food source wouldn’t effect what?

A

Brain size

74
Q

The battle to be the best adapted to the environment?

A

Evolution

75
Q

Scientists could determine if an organism walked on two legs by what bones

A

Knee

76
Q

What did homo erectus first make tools out of?

A

Bamboo

77
Q

What is the shape of a pelvis of a hominid?

A

Bowl shaped

78
Q

What is the purposeful crafting of an object?

A

Tool making

79
Q

What are the key transitions in the evolution of man?

A
  1. The invention of tool making
  2. The transition of meat eating
  3. The dramatic growth of the brain
  4. First emergence from Africa

Adv. Biology & Enviornmental Science (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions