Human Evolution

Question 1

What separates humans from all other animals?

Answer 1

Intellect

Question 2

How is self discipline connected to being human?

Answer 2

Humans can control our instincts

Question 3

A individual species within the family

Answer 3

Hominid

Question 4

The field of science which studies the human fossil record

Answer 4

Paleoanthropology

Question 5

The study of ancient life forms

Answer 5

Palentology

Question 6

The study of humans

Answer 6

Anthropology

Question 7

When (why) did hominids walk upright?

Answer 7

When ancient hominid adapted to life on the ground, rather than in the trees

Question 8

Describe the relationship between brain size and intelligence

Answer 8

Brain size is the only measure of the growth of intellect in hominid history.

Question 9

What is the relationship between the environment and evolution?

Answer 9

Changes in the environment drive evolution. Evolution adapts to the environment. If the environment doesn’t change, then evolution doesn’t happen.

Question 10

How did the mountain ranges and valleys affect the climate?

Answer 10

The formation of them led to changes in wind and rainfall patterns.

Question 11

Why is bipedalism an advantage?

Answer 11

It improved the ability of a hominid to see over tall grasses to pursue game or seek protection from predators.

Question 12

Explain why more then one “type” of human existed at one time.

Answer 12

Populations in different environments evolved different adaptations

Question 13

How does body shape change for a cold and a warm environment?

Answer 13

Having tall, lean bodies with lots of skin exposed to cooling winds would have gotten rid of heat very well. This adaption helped the species survive hotter, more open environments of Africa. Short, wide bodies conserved heat.

Question 14

How does food source affect the shape of the teeth and jaws?

Answer 14

The shape of the teeth changed with the change of food source. Tougher foods lead to stronger jaws.

Question 15

How does bipedalism affect Forclimbs?

Answer 15

It left the forearms free for other jobs

Question 16

How does bipedalism affect sun exposure?

Answer 16

Reduces the area of the body receiving sun exposure

Question 17

How does bipedalism affect wind?

Answer 17

The bulk of the body is raised high off the ground, benefiting from the cooling effect of the wind

Question 18

When did brain size of humans increase the most?

Answer 18

A period which global climates and environments changed dramatically

Question 19

How was australopithecines living in trees and on ground beneficial?

Answer 19

It helped them survive the environments changing between wooded and open habitats

Question 20

How was tool making beneficial?

Answer 20

It increases the variety and quantities of different foods they could eat.

Question 21

How was expanded diet beneficial?

Answer 21

It helped them survive unexpected changes in the environment and the food supply

Question 22

How were caves for shelter beneficial?

Answer 22

Helped them avoid the the cold during the colder seasons

Question 23

How was the use of fire beneficial?

Answer 23

It was used to create warmth, cook food, and protect themselves from other animals

Question 24

How was the use of animal hides beneficial?

Answer 24

It was warn for warmth during glacial periods

Question 25

How does successful evolution of an animal species occur?

Answer 25

Trial and error, false starts and failed experiments

Question 26

What species does Lucy belong to?

Answer 26

Australopithecus Afarensis

Question 27

What are the characteristics of A. afarensis and what does it say about their diet?

Answer 27

Smaller molars, larger canines and thinner tooth enamel; it was easy to chew fruits and vegetables

Question 28

What is the first significant modification that separated our ancestors form apes?

Answer 28

Bipedalism

Question 29

What did the changes in the climate cause? How would bipedalism possibly be an advantage?

Answer 29

Eastern and southern Africa turn into open grassland from dense forests. 1. Let them scan the horizon for predators 2. Exposed less body surface to the sun 3. Freed their hands for carrying food

Question 30

What is the difference between making and using tools? How is this considered technology?

Answer 30

Making tools you craft them and using tools you use them the way you find them. The hominids selected workable materials and they carried the tools wherever they travel.

Question 31

How does the use of blades and stone hammers permit a change in the diet? How did it change?

Answer 31

It let them exploit a broader range of habitats

Question 32

What evolutionary consequences did the change in diet lead to?

Answer 32

1. Leave Africa and colonize most of the globe | 2. The expansion of the brain

Question 33

What allows the brain to grow bigger?

Answer 33

High energy food

Question 34

What was the conclusion of comparing DNA of modern humans and Neanderthal?

Answer 34

The differences were enough to rule out significant interbreading.

Question 35

What role does technology play in the future of the evolution of man?

Answer 35

We now really consist of a single huge population. Technology has eliminated natural selection.

Question 36

What does the scientific name for Lucy mean?

Answer 36

Australopithecus: Southern ape Aferensis: Found in Atheopia

Question 37

Describe the environment 8 million years ago, how did it change, and how did it change?

Answer 37

Tropical

Question 38

What formed when India collided with Asia, and how did it affect the climate of Africa and Asia?

Answer 38

The Himalayas; create the dense consumes of Asia and no water for Africa

Question 39

What is the differences between the pelvis of an ape and a hominid, why are they shaped that way?

Answer 39

The ape is narrow and has a ridge for muscles, Lucy's is not Balance the weight above the feet, holds the gut up, and walk upright

Question 40

What are the advantages of walking upright?

Answer 40

1. You can see over the tall grasses, you can see predators | 2. Saving energy, walking upright saves energy

Question 41

What does the shape of the skull and size of molars of a hominid say about their diet?

Answer 41

They eat animal protein

Question 42

What does homo hablis mean?

Answer 42

Homo: Man (Latin) Habilis: Handy man

Question 43

How did homo hablis survive without big teeth and jaws?

Answer 43

Curious and smart, tools, and used their brains

Question 44

What does homo egaster mean?

Answer 44

The working man

Question 45

What does the frontal lobe of the brain control?

Answer 45

Emotional control, speech

Question 46

Why was egaster able to survive the hot temperature?

Answer 46

1. Long noses cools the air around them 2. Hairless bodies 3. Evaporating sweat

Question 47

What made the brain grow, besides change in diet?

Answer 47

Observing the world and learning from it

Question 48

How much energy does the brain use daily?

Answer 48

20 '/. of their daily cal.

Question 49

What does homo erectus mean?

Answer 49

Upright man

Question 50

Why is erectus a good chewer?

Answer 50

Structures on the sides for muscles (at attach them)

Question 51

What does erectus make tools out of?

Answer 51

Bamboo

Question 52

What promoted the next change in evolution, and what was it used for?

Answer 52

Fire; warmth and safty

Question 53

What does homo hidelburgensis mean?

Answer 53

Hidleburg man (the name came from a German town)

Question 54

How did hidelburgensis take care of thier injured and dead?

Answer 54

Injured: They use wild urbes to stop infection Dead: They leave the body

Question 55

How did the climate change 500,000 yrs ago in the North and South?

Answer 55

North: Iceage South: Dought

Question 56

How did adaptions of the body and nose shape allow the Neanderthal to survive in the north?

Answer 56

Body: Short limbs help keep the heat in Nose: They are big to cool them down

Question 57

How did harsh environment change the mind?

Answer 57

They shrug off incredible pain

Question 58

What does homo sapiens mean?

Answer 58

Wise/thinking man

Question 59

How did the climate of Africa change the shape of Homo Sapiens?

Answer 59

They are tall, thin, and have dark skin

Question 60

Thinking ahead

Answer 60

Imagination

Question 61

What did imagination allow homo sapiens to do?

Answer 61

Survive

Question 62

What does Rudimentary mean?

Answer 62

Small

Question 63

Pericentric Inversion

Answer 63

An inversion that contains the centromere and has break points in both arms

Question 64

What allowed homo erectus to move around the world?

Answer 64

Portable weapons

Question 65

The purposeful crafting of an object is?

Answer 65

Tool making

Question 66

What is Southern Ape?

Answer 66

Australopithicus

Question 67

The ability to walk upright is?

Answer 67

Bipedal

Question 68

Stronger and stickier then modern man?

Answer 68

Homo Neanderthalensis

Question 69

Evolution does not occur if the _______ doesn't change?

Answer 69

Environment

Question 70

What can we get to because of hammers?

Answer 70

Bone marrow

Question 71

Which one looked like an ape?

Answer 71

Australopithecus Aferensis

Question 72

Where is the cradle of mankind?

Answer 72

Africa

Question 73

A tough food source wouldn't effect what?

Answer 73

Brain size

Question 74

The battle to be the best adapted to the environment?

Answer 74

Evolution

Question 75

Scientists could determine if an organism walked on two legs by what bones

Answer 75

Knee

Question 76

What did homo erectus first make tools out of?

Answer 76

Bamboo

Question 77

What is the shape of a pelvis of a hominid?

Answer 77

Bowl shaped

Question 78

What is the purposeful crafting of an object?

Answer 78

Tool making

Question 79

What are the key transitions in the evolution of man?

Answer 79

1. The invention of tool making 2. The transition of meat eating 3. The dramatic growth of the brain 4. First emergence from Africa