Water Flashcards
week 1
what is a hydrogen bond?
a noncovalent bond between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom
define solubility
ability to dissolve in water
define hydrophobic effect
hydrophobic molecules stick together in solution to reduce unfavourable interactions with water
define electrolytes
examples
ions dissolved in the body
eg. Na+ K+ Ca2+ Cl- Mg2+ HPO42- HCO3-
define osmolarity
conc. of electrolytes
define hyponatremia
salt conc. too low
define hypernatremia
salt conc. too high
eg. from dehydration
Na+ intracellular conc.
low
Na+ extracellular conc.
high
K+ intracellular conc.
high
K+ extracellular conc.
low
Ca2+ intracellular conc.
very low
Ca2+ extracellular conc.
high relative to intracellular conc.
low relative to other ions
what does water dissociate into?
OH- and H30+
when is the hydrophobic effect important?
for forming the correct structure of biological membranes
and proteins
