cell metabolism and enzymes Flashcards
week 8
define cell metabolism
collective chemical reactions performed by cells
define metabolic pathway
series of enzyme-controlled reactions
each reaction is specific
overall set of reactions is energetically favourable
what are the 2 main classes of metabolic pathways?
catabolic and anabolic
define catabolic metabolism
breaking down fuel molecules to generate energy
define anabolic metabolism
using energy to build complex biomolecules required for life
when is a reaction thermodynamically favourable?
when 🔼G < 0 (negative)
when is a reaction thermodynamically unfavourable?
when 🔼G > 0 (positive)
name 3 fuel molecules in animals
carbs, fats, amino acids
how is energy released by fuel molecules?
by oxidation
more reduced carbon fuels have … stored energy
more
define activated carriers
examples
biomolecules that store energy in the form of transferable chemical groups
ATP, NADH, Coenzyme A
how does NADH store energy?
as transferable electrons
NAD+ can accept … electrons and a … to form …
2
proton
NADH
what is Coenzyme A a carrier of?
acyl groups
what bonds do acyl groups form to CoA?
thioester bonds
where does glycolysis take place?
in the cytosol
what are the products of glycolysis?
pyruvate
4 ATP (net 2 ATP)
NADH
how many different enzyme catalysed reactions are in glycolysis?
10
in aerobic respiration what are the electrons passed on to? what does it form?
oxygen
forms water
in anaerobic respiration what are the electrons passed on to? what does it form?
lactate (organic molecule)
forms lactic acid
what is the product of alcoholic fermentation?
ethanol
pyruvate is … into ethanol
decarboxylated
what pathway does acetyl CoA enter?
citric acid cycle (Krebs)
what are the 2 main components oxidative phosphorylation?
electron transport chain and chemiosmosis
