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Biology topic 1 (biological molecules) > water > Flashcards

water Flashcards

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1
Q

what happens in ionic bonding

A

-atoms recieve or donate electrons
-some lose and become positive anions
-some gain and become negative cations

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2
Q

what holds ions together in bonding

A

ionic bonds

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3
Q

what happens in covalent bonding

A

shared electrons
usually molecule produced is neutral
very strong covalent bonds

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4
Q

what happens to some molecules in covalent bonding

A

they become slightly polarised

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5
Q

how does polarity occur

A

the electron is not evenly shared so molecule is slightly negative and positive

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6
Q

dipole

A

separation of charge in a molecule when the electrons in covalent bonds are not evenly shared

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7
Q

whats a polar molecule

A

a molecule containing a dipole

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8
Q

what are hydrogen bonds

A

weak electrostatic intermolecular bonds formed between polar molecules containing at least one hydrogen atom

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9
Q

what molecules does polarity occur the most

A

molecules with one or more hydrogen atom

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10
Q

what happens when ionic substances are put in water

A

they dissolve

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11
Q

symbol for nitrate ion

(anion)

A

NO3-

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12
Q

symbol for phosphate ions

(anion)

A

PO43-

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13
Q

symbol for chloride ions

(anion)

A

CL-

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14
Q

hydrogen carbonate ions symbol

(anion)

A

HCO3-

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15
Q

function of nitrate ions

A

needed in plants for formation of amino acids and therefore proteins from products of PH and formation of DNA

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16
Q

function of phosphate ions

A

for formation of ATP ADP DNA RNA

17
Q

function of chloride ions

A

needed in nerve impulses and many secretory systems

18
Q

function of hydrogen carbonate ions

A

buffering the blood to prevent it from becoming to acidic

19
Q

symbol for sodium ions

A

NA+

20
Q

symbol for calcium ions

A

CA2+

21
Q

symbol for hydrogen ions

A

H+

22
Q

symbol for magnesium ions

A

MG2+

23
Q

function of sodium ions

( cations)

A

needed for nerve impulses and secretory systems

24
Q

function of calcium ions

(cations)

A

needed for formation of calcium pectate for middle lamella between two cell walls in plants and bone formation and muscle contraction in animals

25
Q

function of hydrogen ions

(cations)

A

needed in cellular respiration and PH and systems to maintain PH balance

26
Q

function of magnesium ions

(cations)

A

needed for production of chlorophyll in plants

27
Q

why is water polar

A

because the electron is held close to the oxygen atom than the hydrogens

28
Q

important result of water dipole

A

water molecules form hydrogen bonds

29
Q

how is a hydrogen bond formed

A

slightly negative oxygen and slightly positive hydrogen atoms in weak electrostatic called hydrogen bonds

30
Q

list some of waters properties

A

-polarity
transport medium
high specific heat capacity
cohesive
adhesive
high surface tension

31
Q

water being polar and its biological importance

A

-dissolves ionic substances so most chemical reactions occur in water

-movement of minerals and blood and waste products in organisms

32
Q

maximum density of water and its importance

A

as water reached 4 degrees it reached max density
-molecules become more wide spaced
-ice is less dense and floats forming insulating layer preventing water underneath from freezing
-organisms can live underwater when cold

33
Q

waters high specific heat capacity and its importance

A

-slow to absorb and release heat
-lost of energy to break hydrogen bonds

-temp of lakes doesnt change so good for organisms
-thermostable
-high latent heat of vaporisation = cooling without water loss

34
Q

waters compression and its importance

A

-water is a liquid and cant be compressed

-cohesive forces
-supporting medium
in hydraulic mechanisms

35
Q

waters cohesive and its importance

A

-forces between molecules mean they stick together

-movement of water up plants and streams

36
Q

waters adhesivness and its importance

A

-attracted to other molecules
-important in plant transport and surface tension

-mucus
lubrication

37
Q

waters high surface tension and its importance

A

-because of attraction to molecules and hydrogen bonds

affects animals living on water

Biology topic 1 (biological molecules) (11 decks)

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