nucleotides and ATP

Question 1

what do nucleotides provide

Answer 1

energy in the form of ATP

Question 2

ATP

Answer 2

adenosine triphosphate

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 4

RNA

Answer 4

ribonucleic acid

Question 5

what 3 parts does a nucleotide contain

Answer 5

-a 5 carbon pentose sugar
-nitrogen containing base
-phosphate group

Question 6

whats the pentose sugar in nucleotides

Answer 6

ribose

Question 7

what pentose sugar is in RNA

Answer 7

ribose

Question 8

what pentose sugar is in DNA

Answer 8

deoxyribose

Question 9

what do purine bases have

Answer 9

two nitrogen containing rings

Question 10

what do pyrimidine bases have

Answer 10

one nitrogen containing ring

Question 11

are both bases weak or strong

Answer 11

weak

Question 12

most common purines

Answer 12

adenine and guanine

Question 13

most common pyrimidine

Answer 13

cytosine and thymine and uracil

Question 14

what does A pair with

Answer 14

guanine

Question 15

what does thymine pair with

Answer 15

Adenine

Question 16

whats present in cytoplasm of every cell

Answer 16

inorganic phosphate ions

Question 17

what properties does the phosphate group give nucleotides

Answer 17

acidic molecules and carry negative charges

Question 18

how do the three components form nucleotides

Answer 18

the sugar, base and phosphate group and joined together by condensation reactions with the elimination of two water molecules forming a nucleotide

Question 19

structure of ATP

Answer 19

adenine as base
-ribose as sugar
-3 phosphate groups

Question 20

what type of reaction is the breakdown of ATP into ADP

Answer 20

a reversible reaction

Question 21

ADP

Answer 21

adenosine diphosphate

Question 22

whats ADP

Answer 22

a nucleotide formed when ATP loses a phosphate group and provides energy to drive reactions in the cell

Question 22

whats the universal energy supplier

Answer 22

ATP

Question 23

what happens if something interferes with the production of ATP

Answer 23

it can be fatal for an organism

Question 24

why is ATP produced

Answer 24

because glucose is to big and powerful to fuel cells so its broken down into small packs of energy called ATP

Question 25

how many phosphate groups does ATP have

Answer 25

3 phosphate groups

Question 26

what comes from ATP that cells can used to break bonds in chemical reactions

Answer 26

the potential energy in the phosphate bonds

Question 27

what happens when the cell needs energy via ATP

Answer 27

the third phosphate bond in the molecule is broken in a hydrolysis reaction

Question 28

ATPase

Answer 28

this enzyme catalyses the formation and the breakdown of ATP depending on the conditions

Question 29

what is the product of the breakdown of ATP

Answer 29

ADP
another nucleotide
free inorganic phosphate group

Question 30

why are two further bonds made in ATP break down

Answer 30

to make ADP and the stable phosphate group and this releases energy that is needed to drive ATP hydrolysed

Question 31

where does the energy needed to drive the synthesis of ATP

Answer 31

usually comes from breakdown reactions or from reduction/oxidation (redox) reactions

Question 32

oxidation reactions

Answer 32

when electrons are lost

Question 33

reduction reactions

Answer 33

when electrons are gained

Question 34

describe how a polynucleotide strand forms

Answer 34

condensation reactions between nucleotides form strong phosphodiester bonds
(sugar phosphate backbone)

Question 35

describe the structure of DNA

Answer 35

double helix of 2 deoxyribose polynucleotide strands
H-bonds between complementary base pairs and opposite strands

Question 36

how many hydrogen bonds between A and T

Answer 36

2 hydrogen bonds

Question 37

how many hydrogen bonds between G and C

Answer 37

3 hydrogen bonds