monosaccharides and disaccarides Flashcards

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1
Q

what do all organic compounds contain

A

carbon atoms

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2
Q

how many bonds does a carbon atom make

A

4 bonds so it can join with up to four other atoms

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3
Q

what shape does the four bonds of carbon make

A

tetrahedral shape and leads to formation of branched chains or rings or any 3D shape

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4
Q

monomers

A

small molecules

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5
Q

polymer

A

large molecules

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6
Q

monosaccharides

A

simple sugars with one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom present

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7
Q

general formula for monosaccharides

A

(CH2O)n

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8
Q

triose sugars molecular formula

A

C3H6O3

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9
Q

pentose sugars molecular formula

A

C5H10O5

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10
Q

importance of triose sugars

A

important in mitochondria where glucose is broken down into triose sugars during respiration

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11
Q

hexose sugars molecular formula

A

C6H12OG

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12
Q

importance of pentose sugars

A

ribose and deoxyribose are important in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA which make up genetic material

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13
Q

importance of hexose sugars

A

taste sweet and include glucose
galactose and fructose

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14
Q

what type of sugar is ribose

A

a pentose sugar

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15
Q

disaccharides

A

made up of to monosaccharides

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16
Q

how do to monossacharides join

A

through a condensation reaction

17
Q

whats a glycosidic bond

A

bond between two monosaccharides thats covalent

18
Q

isomer

A

molecules with the same chemical formula but different molecular structure

19
Q

reducing sugars

A

sugars that react with benedicts solution and reduce copper ions to copper one ions to gove orange red precipitate

20
Q

non reducing sugars

A

sugars that dont react with benedicts sugars

21
Q

name 3 disaccharides

A

sucrose
lactose
maltose

22
Q

source of sucrose

A

stored in plants such as sugar cane

23
Q

source of lactose

A

milk sugar
main carb found in milk

24
Q

source of maltose

A

found in germinating seeds like barley

25
Q

monosaccharides that make up sucrose

A

alpha glucose and fructose

26
Q

monosacahrides that make up lactose

A

alpha glucose and beta galactose

27
Q

monosaccharides that make up maltose

A

alpha glucose and alpha glucose

28
Q

3 hexose monosaccharides

A

glucose
fructose
galactose

29
Q

what type of isomer is alpha glucose

A

cis isomer

30
Q

what type of isomer is beta glucose

A

trans isomer

31
Q

relate the structure of glucose to its function

A

small and water soluble- travel easily in bloodstream
-complementary shape to antiport for co transport for absorption in the gut
-complementary shape to enzymes for glycolysis is respiratory substrate

32
Q

difference between structure of glucose and maltose

A

glucose mono and maltose di

33
Q
A