Water Flashcards
electronegative trend on periodic table increases:
to the right and up
electronegative trend on periodic table decreases:
to the left and down
electronegativity is a measure of
an atom’s ability to pull electrons towards itself in a COVALENT bond
electrons are shared _______ between “like” atoms
equally
electrons are NOT shared equally when atoms have
different electronegativity
the greater the difference in electronegativity…
the more unequal the electron sharing
a dipole moment occurs when
there is an unequal distribution of electronegativiy/charge
a dipole moment occurs when
there is unequal sharing of electrons between atoms
attraction/repulsion forces get _________ as the bond length increases
weaker
dipoles will ALWAYS _______ to maximize ____________ and minimize ____________
re-orient themselves, attractive forces, repulsive forces
water has a low ___________ and a high __________
vapor pressure, heat of vaporization
what causes water molecules to be “sticky”
hydrogen bonding between water molecules
water has a relatively high ____________
boiling point
in water, when molecular attraction DOMINATES over vibrational motion:
water exists as a solid (ice)
in water, when molecular vibration and molecular attraction COMPETE:
water becomes a fluid liquid
in water, when molecular vibration is DOMINANT over molecular attraction:
water molecules break free from surface of liquid matrix, become vapor
hydrogen bonding in terms of dipole forces
hydrogen is “trapped” between positive and negative dipoles
bonding is strongest when atoms are in a
straight line
hydration shells act to
insulate electrostatic charges from one another
high dielectric constant =
good insulator
R-OH
alcohol, polar
lipids are
immiscible
entropy
degree of disorder
London dispersion forces
result of fluctuations in electrostatic forces between molecules in close proximity to one another
