Waste Management

Question 1

Need for Waste Management:

Answer 1

1. Dumping of waste spoils the landscape of the area

2. Dumping of waste causes dieseases like Diarrhoea, Malaria, Plague etc.

Question 2

Waste:

Answer 2

General term used to describe any material that is discarded because it has serves its purpose and is no longer useful

Question 3

Sources of Waste:

Answer 3

1. Domestic
2. Industrial
3. Agricultural
4. Commercial
5. Construction
6. Mining
7. E-qaste
8. Toxic and Non-Toxic Waste

Question 4

Segregation of waste:

Answer 4

Dividng the waste into different categories like dry and wet or biodegradable and non-biodegradable

Question 5

Dry waste:

Answer 5

Waste that doesnt decay and is non-biodegrafable

Ex: Timber, Saw Dust, Home and office furniture, Household Junks

Question 6

Wet waste:

Answer 6

Waste that is organic in nature and is biodegradable.

Kitchen waste -> Vegetables and fruit feels, Stale food

Question 7

Need for segregation:

or why is Segeregation keyy to effective waste management?

Answer 7

1. Reduction in volume of waste that reaches landfills
2. Air and water pollution is considerably reduced
3. It becomes easier to apply diffeent processes of disposal like somposing, recycling and incineration

Question 8

Waste can be segregated as

Answer 8

1. Biodegradable

2. Non-Biodegradable

Question 9

Biodegradable wasttes:

Answer 9

It can be decomposed or broken down by licing micro-organisms
Includes: Organic Waste ex: Kitchen waste, Vegetable, Fruits, Flowers leaves from garden, Paper

Question 10

Non-Biodegradable wastes include:

Answer 10

1. Recyclable waste: Plastic, paper, glass
2. Toxic waste: Medcine, Pesticides
3. Soiled: Hospital waste -> Soiled with blood and other body fluids

Question 11

Dumping can be:

Answer 11

Open dumping

Sanitary Landfills

Question 12

Open Dumping:

Answer 12

Waste materials are dumped in open low lands far away from city.
NOT ENIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY
Cheapest and no planning

Question 13

Disadvantages of Open Dumping:

Answer 13

1. Spoil the sight of the area, Give out foul odour
2. Breeding ground for mosquitoes, flies, insects etc —> Carriers of disease
3. Burning of wastes -> Air pollution
4. Rainwater -> Carries harmful wastes to nearby streams, ponds or lakes, Pollutes ground water

Question 14

Sanitary Landfills:

Answer 14

The waste is packed and dumped daily at the site
Covered with earth to prevent insects or rodents from enterting into landfills
Then subject to bacterial decomposition

Question 15

Gases in sanitary landfills:

Answer 15

Physical, Chemical and Biological reactions -> CO2, CH4, H2S –> Generate power

Question 16

General advantage of Sanitary landfills:

Answer 16

Way of disposing refuse on land without creating nuisances or hazards to public health or safety.

Minimal Envioronemntal damage

Question 17

Advantages of Sanitary Landfill:

Answer 17

1. Free from air pollution from burining
2. Mostly free from fire hazards
3. Health problems reduced -> Breeding –> Covered wastes

Question 18

What method of disposing in sanitary landfills:

Answer 18

Biological method of disposing of waste

Question 19

5 Phases of Sanitary landfills:

Answer 19

1. Aerobic bacteria depletes O2 and Temp increases
2. Anaerobic conditions -> Evolution of H2 and CO2
3. Established population of bacteria -> Methanogenic (Methane from organic matter activity)
4. Stabilization of Methanogenic
5. Depletes organic matter, returning to aerobic

Question 20

Composting:

Answer 20

Aerobic method of decomposing solid wastes.
Undergo decomp. that bacteria bacteria and other micro-organisms break them down and produce a safe clean, soil like material called COMPOST

Question 21

Advantages of Composting:

Answer 21

1. Enhances soil nutrients and waster retention of soils
2. Suppreses plant diseaases
3. Rejuventates poor soils by adding humus
4. Checks soil erosion and silting of embankements