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Geography!! > Transport > Flashcards

Transport Flashcards

1
Q

Importance of Transport:

A
  1. Aids in the process of Industrialization and Urbanization
  2. Better utilization of resources -> Of backward areas by linking them with advanced areas
  3. Removes scarcity of goods during any crisis
  4. Minimizing the effects of natural disaster
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2
Q

Necessity of Transport in India

A

Being a vast country, Needs an efficient and cheap trasnport system

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3
Q

Modes of Transport:

A
  1. Roadways
  2. Waterways
  3. Railways
  4. Airways
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4
Q

Facts about Indian Roads:

A
  1. 2nd largest road netwerork in the world

2. 40% of villages lack access to all weather roads

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5
Q

Types of Roads:

A 
Paved and Unpaved roads
Freeways
1. National Highways
2. Expressways
3. State Highways
4. Major distric roads
5. Rural and other roads
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6
Q

What are national Highways?

A

The main roads which are constructed and maintained by the Central Government (NHAI). Main highways backbone of road infra

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7
Q

Numbers in NH

A

NH Followed by State highway numbers

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8
Q

Reason for growth of traffic in NH

A

Industrialization in Country

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9
Q

Government’s steps in national highways

A 
Widening roads
Grade speration
Construction of bypass
Bridges
Rail Road corssings
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10
Q

NHAI

A

National Highways Authority of India

Responsible for the development, maintenance and Management of National Highways.

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11
Q

NHDP

A

National Highways Development Project

NHAI is currently undertaking development activities under NHDP in phases

All phases -> Improvement of more than 25,000 km of arterial routes NH network to International standards

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12
Q

2 major projects indertaken by NHAI:

A
  1. Golden Qurdilateral

2. North-South and East-West Corridors

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13
Q

The largest Highway project in India:

The largest Express Highway project in India:

A

NS-EW Corridors

Golden Quardilateral

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14
Q

NS-EW Corridors:

A
  1. Largest Highway Project in India
  2. 4 to 6 lane expressways

Conencts,

  1. Srinagar to Kanyakumari
  2. Porbander to Silchar
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15
Q

Golden Quardilateral:

A
  1. Largest Express Highway Project in India (GQ)
  2. Connects: India’s Largest Metropolies:
    Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai
    Forms quardilateral.
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16
Q

Golden Quardilateral also serves:

A
  1. Bengaluru
  2. Pune
  3. Ahmedabad
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17
Q

Main Economic Benefits:

A
  1. Interconnects major cities and ports
  2. Impetus to truck transport
  3. Industrial growth of small town
  4. Vast opportunities for agri export
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18
Q

State Highways

A

Constructed and MAINTAINED BY THE STATE governments,

Linkages:
NH, District HQ, Important town and Tourist centres within the state

Neighboring states

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19
Q

Border roads:

A

Border roads organization —> 1960

Strengthening defense preparedness

accelerating economic development

through improvement of roads along the Northern and NE boundary.

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20
Q

Major functions of BRO:

A
  1. Construction of roads and maintencance of roads in strategically sensitive areas.
  2. Snow clearence in high altitude areas
  3. Construction of airfields, buildings and permanent bridges
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21
Q

4 Advantages of roads:

A
  1. Cost –> Much lower than that of railway line
  2. Can be constructed in the areas of difficult terrain (rail cant)
  3. Safer, Less chances of pilferage lesser than rail
  4. Supplements other modes of transport. Link between rail and ports and hinterlands
  5. Helps farmers move their perishable products directly to market
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22
Q

Disadvantages of Roads:

A
  1. Unsurfaced –> Not suitable for regular vehicular traffic
  2. Not properly Maintained —> Loss in wear and tear of vehicles
  3. Traffic is too high, Same road for all kinds
  4. Inadequate capacity, weak pavement, side amenities, safety measures
23
Q

Railways, Top:

A

Principal mode of transport for freight and passengers

24
Q

First Railways:

A

In 1853

Mumbai to Thane —> 34 km

25
Railways Ranking:
Largest and Busiest rail netwrorks in the world 18 million passengers and more 2 million tonnes of freight daily. World's Largest employr: 1.4 million
26
4 Advantages of Railway:
1. Most efficient and Cost effective forms of tranportation. Easy movement of bulky and perishable goods to different places 2. Tranport raw materials to production units, finished goods to markets 3. Reducing suffering during natural calamities 4. safer and comfortable -> With babies and elders
27
Disadvantages of Railways:
1. Lacks flexibility of routes. cant be laid in every regions 2. Very long and tedious especially when comapred to air travel 3. Which run on coal --> Pollution of air and noise 4. Cant be laid in every industrial region and travel to a station. Cargo is loaded All has road leading not train tracks
28
What are expressways>O
Highways planned for High speed traffic Having few intersections, Limited POA or Exit and a divided between lanes for traffic moving in opposite directionl 6 to 8 lanes.
29
Major difference between highway and expressway:
Acess control. Roads are not multiple in expresssways. Controlled access -> Through a limited place and no further. Highways -> Multiple roads -> Merge with highways at many places
30
Difference in facilites in expressways
Access ramps, Lane dividers, Telephone booths, CCTV Cameras and Mobile radars
31
Organization for Air Transport:
The Airports Authority of India Air India Pawan Hns Helicopter Ltd.
32
Private airlines:
Vistara, Go airlines, Spicejet Ltd
33
Objective of Pawan Hans:
Providing helicopter cupport services to oil sector in offshore exploration Operate in the hilly and inaccessible areas Mkae available charter flughts for promotion of tourism
34
Advantages of Airways:
1. Significant for Country like India, Vast size. Long distances between important cities Connects Remote areas 2. Fastest and Comfortable mode of transport. 3. Speed and ease with which aeroplanes can cross barriers -> Indispensable 4. Natural Calamities: Air lift and Air Drop
35
Disadvantages of Airways:
1. Costly 2. Weather conditions -> Delayed 3. Run on petroleum -> Nonrenewable 4. Small tonnage -> High freight charges
36
Categories in Water Transport:
1. Inland waterways | 2. Oceanic Waterways
37
Inland waterways:
Rivers, Canals, Backwaters and Creeks which are deep enough to allow the ships and boats navigate safely, No waterfalls or rapids
38
Reasons for Peninsular india not suitable for inland waterways:
1. Seasonal -> Rain fed 2. Comparitively shorter 3. Number of waterfalls
39
Freight Transportation by waterways is
Highly Under utilized
40
Places of Cargo Transportation:
1. Goal 2. Kerala 3. WB 4. Assam
41
IWAI
Inland Waterways Authority of India
42
What is IWAI?
Statutory authority in charge of waterways in India
43
Functions of IWAI:
1. Building neessary infrastructure in these waterways 2. Surveying the economic feasibility of new projects 3. Administration and Regulation
44
Number of Waterways:
6
45
Reason for Ganga being Navigable:
1. Perennial 2. Depth in >10 metres in allahabad 3. Slope is gradual 4. No stones and silt
46
Number of Ports:
12 Major Ports
47
Importance of Oceanic Waterways in India:
1. Important role in tranport sector in India's Economy International TRADE: 2. 95% of india's trade volume 3. 70% Of india's trade by value
48
Besides International Trade, It is also used for
transportation between the islands and the rest of the country
49
Major Ports handle
80% of all cargo traffic
50
Advantages of Waterways:
1. Cheapest means of transport 2. Fuel efficient and eco-friendly mode of transport 3, Safe and has less traffic -> Comparison to road and air 4. Most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky materials
51
Disadvantages of Waterways:
1. Depends on weather conditions 2. Long travelling hours -> Sea sickness 3. Limited to the areas where rivers are navigable and Oceanic routes exists
52
What are ports:
Man made commerical places built along the coastlines
53
What are harbours?
Natural or Created places, Connecting a piece of land with a large waterbody, Which serves as ports

Geography!! (14 decks)

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