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RLE > WARD CLASS - MIDTERM ABO (MATERNAL) > Flashcards

WARD CLASS - MIDTERM ABO (MATERNAL) Flashcards

1
Q

is determined by the antigens present on the surface of red blood cells

A

Blood typing

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2
Q

The markers on RBCs,
are known as

A

antigens

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3
Q

4 ABO Blood System

A

TYPE A, B, AB, O

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4
Q

RBCs lack both A and B antigens

A

Type O

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5
Q

occurs when a mother and her baby have mismatched blood types,

mother’s immune system to perceive the baby’s blood as foreign and produce
antibodies to attack it

A

ABO incompatibility

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6
Q

The incidence of ABO incompatibility is relatively common, affecting up to how much percenntage of pregnancies

A

15%

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7
Q

additional Rh factor

A

(protein D)

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8
Q

Most common (37% of the population) blood type:

A

● O+

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9
Q

Essential for emergency use, found in 6%. blood type:

A

● O-

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10
Q

Second most common (34%).blood type:

A

A+

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11
Q

Rarest blood type, less than 1% of the population. blood type:

A

AB-

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12
Q

In ABO-HDN, maternal antibodies attack the fetus’s RBCs, leading to their destruction. This
can cause

A

hemolytic anemia

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13
Q

the breakdown of RBCs

A

Hemolysis

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14
Q

Hemolysis produces what that can accumulate in newborns and cause jaundice

A

bilirubin

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15
Q

CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND COMPLICATIONS
In newborns, ABO-HDN can present with

A

Jaundice
Anemia
Hydrops fetalis
Kernicterus: A

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16
Q

life-threatening condition involving fluid buildup in fetal tissues.

A

Hydrops fetalis

17
Q

serious condition where bilirubin deposits in the brain,

A

Kernicterus

18
Q

ABO incompatibility can be diagnosed through:

A

Blood Typing
Coombs Test
Cord Blood Tests
Bilirubin Monitoring

19
Q

This is the Assessing the newborn’s blood for damage and hemolysis.

A

Cord Blood Tests:

20
Q

THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
Treatment options for ABO incompatibility include:

A

Phototherapy
Exchange Transfusion
Fluid and Nutrition Support

21
Q

a condition in newborns characterized by high levels of bilirubin in the blood,
leading to jaundice

A

Hyperbilirubinemia

22
Q

Jaundice Types:

A

● Physiological Jaundice:
● Pathological Jaundice:
● Breast Milk Jaundice:

23
Q

a serious type of jaundice, appears within 24 hours, due to ABO-Rh incompatibility.

A

Pathological Jaundice

24
Q

Refers to the measurement of bilirubin levels in the blood

A

Total Serum Bilirubin (TsB)

25
Q

non-invasive method of estimating bilirubin levels using a device
placed on the skin, offering a quick and painless

A

Transcutaneous Bilirubin (TcB)

26
Q

THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT FOR Hyperbilirubinemia

A
  1. Early Feeding
  2. Phototherapy
  3. Monitoring:
  4. Exchange Transfusion
27
Q

Monitor bilirubin for how many days to check for recurrence.

A

2-3 days

28
Q

Stimulates red blood cell production when bone marrow cannot compensate for hemolysis.

A

Erythropoietin Therapy

29
Q

ABO/Rh Incompatibility Prevention: Administer what to a rh negative mother

A

Rh immunoglobulin (RhoGAM)

30
Q

ABO Incompatibility: occurs during first pregnancy. T/F

A

TRUE

31
Q

Rh Incompatibility: occurs in first pregnancy. T/F

A

False. RH INCOM does not bitch

32
Q

ABO is less severe and can be treated with supportive care. T/F

A

TRUE

33
Q

COMPARISON OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: ABO & RH

A

ABO Incompatibility:
- Occurs when maternal antibodies target A or B antigens in the baby’s red blood cells.

● Rh Incompatibility:
- Occurs when an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus.

34
Q

DIFFERENCE IN CLINICAL PRESENTATION ABO & RH

A

● ABO Incompatibility:
- Newborns may present with jaundice and mild anemia after birth.

Rh Incompatibility:
- More severe, especially in subsequent pregnancies.

35
Q

ASSESSMENTS AND DIAGNOSIS ; RH ABO

A

● ABO Incompatibility:
- Diagnosed through blood typing
- Confirmed with a positive Coombs test.

● Rh Incompatibility:
- Diagnosed by testing the Rh status of the mother and baby.
- confirmed by Cord blood testing

RLE (33 decks)

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