War, Revolt and the Overthrow of the Monarchy

Question 1

What did the war with Austria of 1792 lead to?

Answer 1

The collapse of the Monarchy, civil war and the Terror

Question 2

What was the Declaration of Pillnitz and what year was it published?

Answer 2

1791 - A union between European leaders to support the French sovereign and his family

Question 3

Why did the King and Queen wish for war with Austria and what did this lead to rumours of?

Answer 3

Hoped France would lose and Louis would regain his old powers.

Led to rumours of the Austrian Committee which was supposedly led by Marie-Antoinette

Question 4

Why did Lafayette and Brissot wish for war with Austria?

Answer 4

Lafayette - So the King’s powers would be restored and his own position boosted

Brissot - To extend the Revolution abroad

Question 5

Why did Robespierre oppose war with Austria?

Answer 5

Believed it would be more difficult than expected

Question 6

When did Austria and Prussia ally for war and why did they expect little resistance from France?

Answer 6

February 1792

• France was considered weak due to internal divisions
• Lots of offficers left France so France couldn’t adequately defend herself
• French economic instability

Question 7

When did France declare war on Austria and Prussia?

Answer 7

April 1792

Question 8

Why was the French army a disadvantage when war was declared?

Answer 8

Because it was filled with young inexperienced soldiers who lacked discipline

Question 9

What was discovered when Northern France was invaded?

Answer 9

That Marie-Antoinette had been sending French military plans to the enemy

Question 10

What action was taken to prevent the restoration of the Catholic Church and the Monarchy?

Answer 10

The law giving permission to deport refractory priests which Louis vetoed

Question 11

What was the Brunswick Manifesto and what was its effect?

Answer 11

A manifesto from other countries stating if the Royal Family were harmed, the population would too be harmed. The population perceived this as a threat and triggered the attack on the Tuileries

Question 12

How many sections voted for the abolition of the Monarchy and what was the response of the assembly?

Answer 12

47 out of 48

The Assembly refused which caused an uprising

Question 13

When did the King seek refuge with the Assembly and what was the aftermath?

Answer 13

August 1792 - the Royal Family were captured and imprisoned in the temple

Question 14

Who were in charge after the Attack on the Tuileries and why?

Answer 14

The Girondins because 2/3 deputies (who were constitutional monarchists) didn’t feel safe so went into hiding

Question 15

Give 3 radical measures which the Assembly (dominated by the Girondins) passed

Answer 15

• Refractory priests who didn’t leave France would be deported
• Divorce was legalised
• House to house searches for arms were ordered

Question 16

What happened to those in the Convention who were Royalist Sympathisers and what was the impact?

Answer 16

They were disenfranchised (stripped of the right to vote) and so the Convention became purely Revolutionary

Question 17

Give 2 similarities and 1 difference between the Girondins and Montagnards

Answer 17

• Anti-clerical
• Believed in the Revolution

-Girondins believed in decentralisation whilst the Montagnards believed power should remain in Paris

Question 18

Which 2 factors sealed Louis’ fate?

Answer 18

• Correspondance between Louis and the Austrian Royal Family
• Marat’s proposal (Appel Nominal) insisting a vote should occur to determine whether Louis was innocent or guilty. The majority voted in favour of his guilt

Question 19

When was Louis XVI executed?

Answer 19

January 1793

Question 20

When was France under threat by a number of different countries including Austria and Prussia?

Answer 20

Summer of 1792

Question 21

What rumours arose when a Prussian invasion was suspected and what was the response?

Answer 21

That counter-revolutionary prisoners (including priests) were to escape France and hand her over to the enemy

September Massacrres - Over 1000 Parisian prisoners were murdered by the Sans-Culottes to protect the Revolution (start of the Terror)

Question 22

When was the Battle of Valmy and what happened?

Answer 22

September 1792 - French troops defeated Prussian troops (if Prussia won the Revolution would have most likely came to an end)

Question 23

When was the War of the First Coalition and what happened?

Answer 23

February 1793 - France was at war with most of Europe including Britain, Austria and Spain

Question 24

Why did Britain and France both believe the war would be quick and easy?

Answer 24

France thought Britain would too engage in a Revolution and Britain thought France to be bankrupt

Question 25

What was the Vendee Rebellion?

Answer 25

An anti-revolution campaign caused by the expansion of war, the introduction of conscription and opposition to the peasants having to pay more tax than under the Ancien Regime

Question 26

Give 2 economic issues of France in this period

Answer 26

• More assignats were printed, decreasing their value

- Bread was scarce

Question 27

Why was the Republic saved?

Answer 27

Because when Austria and Spain attempted to invade France in an allied army, France decided to invade Dunkirk which split the allied army and saved France