War And The Growth Of Nationalism

Question 1

The war period witnessed…

Answer 1

Moderate, collaborative, nationalist agitation

Question 2

When did the early Ghadr movement take place?

Answer 2

1914-15 - due to fears they would be led by Muslim officers

Question 3

1914 - Komagata Maru mutiny (3)

Answer 3

• Commissioned by more than 300 Sikhs
• When arrived to India 22 were shot and rest held in an holding camp
• Incident inflamed anti-British feeling in the Punjab

Question 4

1915 Planned uprising in Punjab

Answer 4

• 5,000 Ghadrites were arrested
• 200 jailed
• 46 hanged

Question 5

When were the Home Rule Leagues created

Answer 5

1916

Question 6

Who led the Home Rule Leagues?

Answer 6

• One led by Bal Tilak
• Other led by Annie Besant

Question 7

What did the Home Rule involve?

Answer 7

• Management of internal Indian affairs
• ‘Sought reform of the system of administration and not to overthrow the government’

Question 8

Successes of Home Rule Leagues: (2)

Answer 8

• First nationwide nationalist movement
• Tilak (regional) and Besant (national) toured the country giving lectures and published pamphlets generating agitation in a way Congress never had

Question 9

How many members did Tilak’s Home Rule League gain?

Answer 9

32,000 members

Question 10

Response to the Home Rule Leagues: (5)

Answer 10

• Jinnah and Nehru joined the Leagues
• Gandhi had refused to join due to trust in the British
• Muslims and Lower-Caste Hindu groups though that self-government would enrich Brahmin Hindu dominance
• British reunited the partition of Bengal
• Orders given to the arrests of of Home Rule Campaigners where possible

Question 11

What happened to Bal Tilak and Annie Besant?

Answer 11

Tilak was arrested and Besant was interned

Question 12

Congress’ views on Home Rule Leagues:

Answer 12

• initially moderates wanted to suppress Home Rule League movement and wasn’t interested in working with Besant
• After the mass arrests swung their support (as well as the Muslim league) and thus movements were counterproductive

Question 13

Consequences of Home Rule Leagues: (5)

Answer 13

• Besant appointed as leader of Congress in December 1917 but was an inconsistent and ineffective leader due to refusal of joining any resistance campaigns
• Failed to achieve its objective
• Created the first truly national mass campaign
• Its failure left an unsatisfied willingness among the general population for more direct action
• Acted as a foundation/catalyst for the campaigns of Gandhi from the 1920s onwards

Question 14

When was the Lucknow Pact?

Answer 14

December 1916

Question 15

What did the Lucknow Pact achieve?

Answer 15

Congress and the Muslim League declared self-government as their political objective

Question 16

What else was agreed in the Lucknow Pact? (2)

Answer 16

• No bill would proceed if 75% of the affected community opposed it
• The Central legislative Council would increase to 150 members, 1/3 of them would be Muslim (giving Muslim weightage at both provincial and central levels)

Question 17

How did this scare the British?

Answer 17

Seemed that the nationalist movement was reuniting and gaining strength