To What Extent Did The First World War Change British Rule In India?

Question 1

Why did the British feel pressured to give Indians autonomy? (3)

Answer 1

• Due to the Indians perceptible efforts in the war
• Couldn’t ignore the enormous sacrifices
• Their own belief of the rights to people and democracy

Question 2

When was the Montagu Declaration?

Answer 2

August 1917

Question 3

Who announced the Montagu Declaration?

Answer 3

Edwin Montagu (Secretary of state of India)

Question 4

Why was the Montagu Declaration created?

Answer 4

• British government realised the need to respond to both the Indian war effort
• Lucknow Pact

Question 5

What did the Montagu Declaration do?

Answer 5

• Promised some form of self governance (“RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT”) for India
• Montagu would visit India to take soundings

Question 6

Limitations of Montagu Declaration:

Answer 6

• No timescale was given implying the government was in no hurry

Question 7

Montagu Declaration quotes: (2)

Answer 7

• “Responsible government”
• “Increasing association of Indians in every branch of government”

Question 8

When was the Defence of India Act passed?

Answer 8

1915

Question 9

What did the Defence of India Act do?

Answer 9

• Permitted Britain to close down newspapers suspected of anti-British views (censorship)
• Protest was forbidden

Question 10

Why did the Simon Commission start?

Answer 10

to report on the working of the Indian constitution established by the Government of India Act of 1919

Question 11

When was the Rowlatt commission?

Answer 11

1918

Question 12

What did the Rowlatt Commission suggest? (And what it included (4))

Answer 12

• That old wartime controls should be continued in order to control the situation
• This included:
  -imprisonment without trial
  -censorship
  -house arrests of suspects

Question 13

When did the Rowlatt act pass?

Answer 13

1919

Question 14

Who opposed the Rowlatt Act bill?

Answer 14

All 22 Indian members of the imperial legislative Council

Question 15

As a result of the Rowlatt Act what did Jinnah do?

Answer 15

Resigned from the council along with several of his colleagues

Question 16

When was the Rowlatt Act repealed?

Answer 16

1922

Question 17

How did many people view the Raj after the Rowlatt Act?

Answer 17

Duplicitous - supporting the Montagu Declaration but also repressive

Question 18

What is a hartal?

Answer 18

Refusal to work used as a protest

Question 19

When were the Hartals organised?

Answer 19

1919 - 30 March and 6 April
8th april too u idiot

Question 20

What did the Hartals prove?

Answer 20

Showed an impressive display of Hindu-Muslim solidarity

Question 21

What event further emphasised the hartals and led to rioting?

Answer 21

The arrest of two organisers Kitchew and Pal

Question 22

What occurred in the riots at Amritsar? (4)

Answer 22

• 5 Europeans killed
• Banks stormed and buildings fired at
• Over 100 European women had taken refuge
• Marcia Sherwood was assaulted and left to die

Question 23

What did the governor of Punjab, Michael O’Dwyer, think about the riots?

Answer 23

Believed it was part of a carefully planned uprising

Question 24

When did the Amritsar Massacre begin?

Answer 24

13 April 1919
Its acc 13th, you IDIOT. do better

Question 25

How many troops did Rex Dyer lead in Amritsar on 12 April 1919?

Answer 25

1,000 (1/3 British)

Question 26

What was occurring on 13th April 1919 in Punjab?

Answer 26

One of the most religious festivals in Punjab (Baisakhi Day) in which thousands of pilgrims flocked into the Golden Temple in Amritsar to worship

Question 27

What else was to occur in the Golden Temple on 13 April?

Answer 27

Arrangements for a political meeting so that people could voice their feelings about the Rowlatt Act

Question 28

Fearing trouble, what did Dyer order?

Answer 28

• Proclamations to be read, warning against the holding of ‘meetings’ and established a curfew

Question 29

How many Punjabs ignored Dyer’s curfew?

Answer 29

10,000 to 20,000

Question 30

What did Dyer do as a result of the Punjabis ignoring the curfew on 13th April?

Answer 30

Dyer and a group of infantrymen fired ammunition into the crowd

Question 31

How many rounds of ammunition was shot during the Amritsar Massacre?

Answer 31

1,650

Question 32

How many were killed and wounded?

Answer 32

379 - Killed
1,500 - Wounded

Question 33

What happened in Punjab after the massacre?

Answer 33

• Dyer set about a martial law designed to humiliate the Indians living there

Question 34

What was included in the martial (3)

Answer 34

• Any Indian passing a European had to salaam
• Public floggings were common
• Crawling Order (Anyone who passed where Marcia Sherwood had been assaulted had to crawl in the filth)

Question 35

Why was the Martial law particularly offensive to Hindus?

Answer 35

Due to the structured caste system on purity

Question 36

When did the Hunter inquiry take place?

Answer 36

1919

Question 37

What was achieved in the Hunter Inquiry?

Answer 37

• Dyer was censured (later forced to resign)
• O’Dwyer was only gently reprimanded

Question 38

When was the Government of India Act passed?

Answer 38

1919

Question 39

What did the Government of India Act create?

Answer 39

A dyarchy, a division of powers, between Britain and India

Question 40

How did the dyarchy work?

Answer 40

• Self-government in the future
• Changes to the composition of councils and the electorates
• Division of governmental responsibilities

Question 41

Government of India Act on self-government:

Answer 41

It promised a review in 10 years of the successes of the Act and then a decision to Dominion Status might be taken

Question 42

Reaction to the Government of India Act:

Answer 42

Didn’t seem worth the prolonged wait