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Indian Independence 1914-48 > How Successfully Did Congress Consolidate Its Position, 1922 - 30? > Flashcards

How Successfully Did Congress Consolidate Its Position, 1922 - 30? Flashcards

1
Q

What did membership of Congress increase to during the non-cooperation campaigns?

A

100,000 to 2million by the end of 1921

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2
Q

What changes did Gandhi make to Congress’ structure?

A

Set up the Congress Working Committee (CWC) which mirrored what a cabinet was to government, in order to develop an alternative structure that could take over when the Raj withered away

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3
Q

What was the All-Indian Spinners’ Association?

A

intended to spread the word about hand spinning and weaving, promoting the general cause of self-sufficiency.

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4
Q

How did the All-Indian Spinners Association relate to the way forward for India?

A

Dismantle the structure and organisation of the state and return to the simpler, self-sufficient communities of the past

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5
Q

Who was apart of the Young Hooligans?

A

Bose, Narayan, Nehru

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6
Q

What did the Young Hooligans strive for?

A

They wanted immediate, complete independence and opposed dominion status

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7
Q

What was Gandhis initial thought of the Young Hooligans?

A

Gandhi deeply regarded socialism as dangerously radical

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8
Q

How many times was Bose arrested for terrorist activities?

A

11 times

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9
Q

When was the Nehru Report?

A

1928

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10
Q

What did the Nehru report recommend?

A

Dominion status

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11
Q

What was the Muslims reaction to the Nehru Report?

A

Unhappy as dominion status meant Hindus would form a permanent majority within central government, despite vague promises religious freedoms would be safeguarded

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12
Q

How did Congress react to the Simon Commission?

A

Organised a boycott of the Simon Commission

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13
Q

What two motions were present at the Calcutta meeting in December 1928?

A
  • Dominion status
  • British to completely withdraw from India by 31 December 1929
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14
Q

What motion did Congress support in the Calcutta meeting?

A

Both motions - as withdrawal was unrealistic but gave an excuse to embark on further non-cooperation campaigns

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15
Q

When was the Lahore Congress?

A

1929

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16
Q

What was Congress’ division during the Lahore congress?

A
  • To embark on another programme of mass civil disobedience would alienate the more moderate members of congress and could end in bloodshed again.
  • But on the other hand the ‘Young Hooligans’ had considerable support especially amongst the young
  • Or was he to ignore the moderates, push for dominion status and risk dividing Congress
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17
Q

What was Congress’ biggest weakness?

A

Congress needed to reassert their authority and the proliferation of small groups were finding a voice and needed to re-emphasise its claim to speak for all India

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18
Q

Who did Congress decide to support in the Lahore Congress?

A

Young Hooligans

19
Q

What idea was proposed during the Lahore Congress?

A

Purna Swaraj - to become the new political demand

20
Q

When was the Salt Satyagraha?

A

12 March 1930

21
Q

Why did Gandhi decide to oppose the government’s tax on salt? (3)

A
  • Brought little revenue to the government
  • Salt was the one commodity everyone used
  • Production was controlled by the Raj, who exacted tax from its sale, making it an ideal issue to oppose the Raj
22
Q

How much did salt cost for indians?

A

3 annas a year (1.5p)

23
Q

How far did Gandhi walk to Dandi on the Gujarati Coast?

A

240 miles

24
Q

Who did Gandhi select to accompany him?

A

78 supporters, including untouchables, selected to show the universality of the mission

25
Q

Why was there a large following during the Salt march?

A
  • Due to the prayer meeting the day before
  • and a gathering held the day of the march
26
Q

How many people did the prayer meeting attract, held the day before the Salt March?

A

10,000

27
Q

How many people did the gathering, held the day of the salt march attract?

A

75,000

28
Q

The march took the characteristics of a …

A

pilgrimage - behave in a non-aggressive manner

29
Q

Who else accompanied Gandhi?

A

Reporters and cameramen from the worlds press - helped Gandhi report his message of non-violence

30
Q

How did the salt march pose a threat to the Raj?

A

Gandhi urged many to pick tax-free salt and was tantamount to a declaration of war against the tax and the government that produced it

31
Q

How did the Raj react to the Salt Satyagraha? (3)

A
  • Hundreds of peasants were arrested and imprisoned
  • Arrests of Nehru and Gandhi
  • in June the entire Congress Working Committee was arrested
32
Q

How did Gandhi’s arrest affect India?

A
  • Congress authorised provincial committees to organise their own satyagraha
  • Recommended an order of priorit: salt, boycott of foreign cloth, non-payment of taxes, the refusal to cooperate with authorities when they tried to prevent the satyagraha. in organising the campaign this way, it prevented potential divisions among its members
33
Q

How was the Civil disobedience much more difficult to stop?

A
  • By allowing provincial committees to such autonomy, it became a universal umbrella organisation
  • There was no central organisation to take out
34
Q

How many protesters were arrested during the Civil disobedience?

A

60,000

35
Q

How many women were jailed during the civil disobedience?

A

300 women

36
Q

How many youths under 17 were jailed?

A

2,000

37
Q

Most turbulent provinces during the Salt March?

A

Bombay & Gujarat

38
Q

What had Irwin considered to implement during the non-cooperation campains?

A

Martial law

39
Q

Where did Gandhi walk to during the Salt March?

A

Dandi - along the Gujurat Coast

40
Q

When was Nehru arrested?

A

14th April 1930

41
Q

When was Gandhi arrested?

A

5th May 1930, 12:45am

42
Q

When was the entire Congress Working Committee arrested?

A

June 1930

43
Q

Congress order of priority:

A
  • Salt
  • The boycott of foreign cloth
  • The non-payment of taxes
  • The refusal to cooperate with authorities

Indian Independence 1914-48 (19 decks)

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