How Far Was A Political Compromise Reached In The Years 1932-35?

Question 1

Who replaced Irwin as Viceroy in 1931?

Answer 1

Lord Willingdon

Question 2

What did Willingdon describe Gandhi as?

Answer 2

A dangerous Bolshevik

Question 3

When was Gandhi arrested after the Second Round Table Conference?

Answer 3

Just a week after

Question 4

What did Willingdon do to Congress?

Answer 4

They were outlawed

Question 5

What did Willingdon do to the members of Congress’s Working Committee and the Provincial Committees?

Answer 5

All members were rounded up and imprisoned

Question 6

What did Willingdon ban?

Answer 6

Youth organisations

Question 7

Within 4 months of Willingdon’s tough line approach, how many Indians were arrested?

Answer 7

over 80,000

Question 8

What was the reaction of the Indian population to the 80,000 arrests?

Answer 8

Swift, but in the absence of Congress leaders locally and nationally, and especially Gandhi, it was uneven and disorganised

Question 9

What took place after the arrests of 80,000 Indians? (4)

Answer 9

• Boycotts of British goods
• Non-payment of taxes
• Youth organisations became popular, though officially banned
• Increased terrorist activity

Question 10

Who became more involved in protests?

Answer 10

Women

Question 11

When was the Communal Award announced

Answer 11

16th August 1932

Question 12

Who announced the Communal Award?

Answer 12

Ramsay MacDonald, the British Prime Minister

Question 13

What did the Communal Award do?

Answer 13

Designated Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians and Untouchables as separate classes, along with Muslims, which as such were to be entitled to separate electorates in any new Indian constitution

Question 14

Gandhi’s response to the Communal Award

Answer 14

He was furious

Question 15

What about the Communal Award made Gandhi furious?

Answer 15

The inclusion of Untouchables as separate electorates as in his mind all Untouchables were Hindus

Question 16

What did Gandhi believe the British were attempting to do?

Answer 16

Weakening Congress by separating off the Untouchables

Question 17

What did Gandhi launch as a result of the Communal awards?

Answer 17

Fast-unto-death

Question 18

Why didn’t Willingdon want Gandhi to die?

Answer 18

As it would make Gandhi a martyr and inflame nationalist agitation

Question 19

Where did Hindu Leaders and Untouchables meet and what did they plan to do?

Answer 19

Met in Bombay to hammer out a set of proposals

Question 20

What did the Yeravda Pact agree on? (2)

Answer 20

• A total of 148, elected by a system of primary and secondary elections, seats allocated to Untouchables, with only Untouchables being able to vote in the relevant primary elections.
• Untouchables would be allocated 18% of the Central Assembly seats, as long as they stood for election by the votes of the general electorate

Question 21

What did the Yeravda Pact mean for separate electorates?

Answer 21

It meant the abandonment of separate electorates because although there were reserved seats, the voting for them was by the general electorate

Question 22

What did the Hindus and Untouchables agree to put aside?

Answer 22

Put aside some money by every provincial assembly for the education of Untouchables

Question 23

British reaction to Yeravda Pact:

Answer 23

They accepted it

Question 24

What was the week after the implementation of the Yeravda Pact called?

Answer 24

Untouchability Abolition Week

Question 25

How long did it take for Untouchability to be abolished by law?

Answer 25

Another 20 years

Question 26

What groups were apart of the India Defence League?

Answer 26

Conservatives, ex-generals and former civil servants

Question 27

What media supported the India Defence League?

Answer 27

Daily Mail

Question 28

What did reports and articles from the Daily Mail suggest about Congress and India?

Answer 28

Indians were unfit to govern themselves and only the paternalistic British could effectively manage the subcontinent