How Far Was A Political Compromise Reached In The Years 1932-35? Flashcards
Who replaced Irwin as Viceroy in 1931?
Lord Willingdon
What did Willingdon describe Gandhi as?
A dangerous Bolshevik
When was Gandhi arrested after the Second Round Table Conference?
Just a week after
What did Willingdon do to Congress?
They were outlawed
What did Willingdon do to the members of Congress’s Working Committee and the Provincial Committees?
All members were rounded up and imprisoned
What did Willingdon ban?
Youth organisations
Within 4 months of Willingdon’s tough line approach, how many Indians were arrested?
over 80,000
What was the reaction of the Indian population to the 80,000 arrests?
Swift, but in the absence of Congress leaders locally and nationally, and especially Gandhi, it was uneven and disorganised
What took place after the arrests of 80,000 Indians? (4)
- Boycotts of British goods
- Non-payment of taxes
- Youth organisations became popular, though officially banned
- Increased terrorist activity
Who became more involved in protests?
Women
When was the Communal Award announced
16th August 1932
Who announced the Communal Award?
Ramsay MacDonald, the British Prime Minister
What did the Communal Award do?
Designated Sikhs, Indian Christians, Anglo-Indians and Untouchables as separate classes, along with Muslims, which as such were to be entitled to separate electorates in any new Indian constitution
Gandhi’s response to the Communal Award
He was furious
What about the Communal Award made Gandhi furious?
The inclusion of Untouchables as separate electorates as in his mind all Untouchables were Hindus
What did Gandhi believe the British were attempting to do?
Weakening Congress by separating off the Untouchables
What did Gandhi launch as a result of the Communal awards?
Fast-unto-death
Why didn’t Willingdon want Gandhi to die?
As it would make Gandhi a martyr and inflame nationalist agitation
Where did Hindu Leaders and Untouchables meet and what did they plan to do?
Met in Bombay to hammer out a set of proposals
What did the Yeravda Pact agree on? (2)
- A total of 148, elected by a system of primary and secondary elections, seats allocated to Untouchables, with only Untouchables being able to vote in the relevant primary elections.
- Untouchables would be allocated 18% of the Central Assembly seats, as long as they stood for election by the votes of the general electorate
What did the Yeravda Pact mean for separate electorates?
It meant the abandonment of separate electorates because although there were reserved seats, the voting for them was by the general electorate
What did the Hindus and Untouchables agree to put aside?
Put aside some money by every provincial assembly for the education of Untouchables
British reaction to Yeravda Pact:
They accepted it
What was the week after the implementation of the Yeravda Pact called?
Untouchability Abolition Week
How long did it take for Untouchability to be abolished by law?
Another 20 years
What groups were apart of the India Defence League?
Conservatives, ex-generals and former civil servants
What media supported the India Defence League?
Daily Mail
What did reports and articles from the Daily Mail suggest about Congress and India?
Indians were unfit to govern themselves and only the paternalistic British could effectively manage the subcontinent
