Wallace - Little/ direct answers & Key Issue Flashcards
Early Passive Resistance?
1297: Hugh Cressingham, the hated English Treasurer, complained to Edward that the Scots refused to pay taxes.
Important because it showed some that Scots were unwilling to accept an English system of governance, even where backed up by England’s military presence in Scotland.
Early Active Resistance
the McDougalls attack on the MacDonalds in the Highlands in April 1297.
Important because it showed that almost immediately after the subjugation, there was evidence of Scottish resistance to English rule.
Role of William Wallace
Wallace came to prominence following the murder of William Heselrig, English Sheriff of Lanark.
Important because was a defiant act of violence against a senior English official and allowed Wallace to emerge as a potential figurehead around which resistance could gather.
Andrew Moray
Andrew Murray, Scottish knight & veteran of the battle of Dunbar, escalated Scottish resistance by recapturing the castles of Urquhart, Inverness and Elgin.
Important because he emerged as the key resistance leader in the north and by September 1297 had arguably done more than anyone to organise the resistance and drive the English south
Battle of Striling bridge 1296
Proved that a Scottish army could defeat a superior English force in a pitched battle.
Important because it provided a psychological boost to Scots morale: previous Scottish successes confined to isolated ambushes achieved by guerilla warfare - hit and run tactics.
Wallace as Guardian
Wallace’s governance, including the English raids, the statesmanship of re-opening Scotland for trade and appointment of officials.
Important because signalled a high point in the resistance where Scotland took back control of its own destiny and started again to operate as an independent country, seeking to trade abroad and appoint its own officials
Battle of Falkirk
1298: Defeat at Falkirk meant Wallace’s political and military relevance was over in barely one year.
Important because he resigned his guardianship leaving Scottish resistance without political and military leadership.
Wallace after falkirk
Wallace rejoined the resistance in 1303.
Important because demonstrated that attacks against England could still continue outwith positions of power and that guerilla warfare was still an effective resistance tactic against a superior occupied force.
Continuing resistance
1305 New Guardians chosen.
Important because they planned to attack Roxburgh castle, but Edward’s pre-emptive attack forced them to retreat to their own lands and organise their defences.
Wallaces trial and exucution
