the Subugation of Scotland - description of Content - BE Flashcards
The sacking of bewrick
Edward invades, laying siege to Berwick, Scotland’s largest, most prosperous port.
Important because it signified the complete breakdown in the relationship between John and Edward into war and was the beginning of English occupation and subjugation of Scotland.
Battle of Dunbar
1296, Scottish commanders mistook repositioning of English troops as a retreat and charged out of formation and were defeated by disciplined English.
Important because redible Scottish resistance to Edward. Scottish nobles and Guardians were captured. Scotland lacked political and military leadership.
Collapse of resistance following Dunbar.
King John failed to unite Scots, important nobles such as the Earl of Dunbar, to declared loyalty to Edward.
Important because this further diluted Scots already limited military resources.
Toom Tabard
He eventually retreated to the relative safety of the Comyn lands of the north east, but there he failed to rally the surviving nobles.
Important because was the symbolic gesture of removing his royal attire that signified the utter dominance of Edward over John.
2nd July 1296 - John’s written surrender & confession to Bek.
document which provides a factual statement of national surrender - a Scottish king apologising to an English king.
Important in that it is written by King John, the king of Scotland ruler of the country and an educated man with an informed understanding of the collapse of resistance, signals the complete collapse of independent rule.
John’s abdication, Stracathro.
Deliberately public ceremony - King John’s royal insignia torn from his chest by Edward - creating the nickname Toom Tabard - Empty coat.
Important as this humiliating ceremony made it clear John was no longer King of Scotland; Scotland had no king.
Theft of the Scottish royal treasures.
Including the crown jewels, official royal documents and the stone of destiny upon which all Scottish kings had been crowned.
Important as enabled Edward to ensure there would be no more Kings of Scotland nor evidence that it had been a sovereign country - proof in his eyes it was a province of his kingdom.
Edward appointed English lords to rule Scotland
Earl of Surrey - Lieutenant, keeper, of Scotland; Hugh Cressingham as Treasurer (this English title replaced the Scot’s position - chancellor.
Important as underlined his determination to ensure he controlled the governance of Scotland as he had done with Wales.
Edwards revenge
Scottish nobles swore an oath of allegiance to Edward by signing the Ragman Roll. Edward appointed English lords to rule Scotland.
Important because it was the final act of vengeance at the end of Edward’s tumultuous relationship with John and signified the absolute subjugation by Edward over the Scottish nation.
