W9L1 - AB6 Siblings + Peers Flashcards
Accounts for individual variability between sibling development
- ) Genetics
- ) Parents at different life stages during each child’s developmental milestones
- ) Individuals interpret and react to same experience differently
- ) Children create own different worlds
Account for individual variability in siblings #1: Genetics. Theme correlate and elaboration
Nature/Nurture
Siblings have 50% different genes. Genetic compositions influence a child’s:
- Predispositions, temperament, vulnerabilities, personality
- Which will affect how people respond to us
Account for individual variability in siblings #2 Parents at different life stages during each child’s developmental milestones. Theme correlate and elaboration
Socio-cultural context; Dynamic Families
Parents have different skills, perspectives, motivations, and parenting styles at different points in time (as each child reaches milestones)
Account for individual variability in siblings #3: Individuals interpret and react to same experience differently. Theme correlate and elaboration
Active Child and Self-Concept
- Each child interprets an event using their own worldviews and personal history.
- Those varied interpretations result in varied responses to the event.
Account for individual variability in siblings #4: Children create own different worlds. Theme correlate and elaboration
Active Child and Self-Concept
Children shape their worlds to reflect their developing sense of self and identity (and to differentiate themselves from siblings)
What are some properties of friends
- Age-matched
- Close
- Non-familial
What are properties of friendships
- Homophilic
- Shared interest
- Reinforce tendencies
- 2 shy children will encourage each other shyness
- Mutual, Reciprocal
- Both benefits
- Both do things for each other
Friends vs Siblings. Similarities and Differences.
One additional point for Friends
Friends:
Transcational - Share information with one another
Timing
- Friends: Temporal and Voluntary
- Siblings: Permanent and Involuntary
Power
- Friends: Equal power dynamic
- Siblings: More equal than parent-child, less than friends Friends
Friends + Siblings:
- Both needed for Intimatacy and well-being
What are cliques
Friendship groups children join voluntarily usually about 3-9 people
What are some cliques properties
- Sense of belonging
- Shared interest
- Either peer pressure or self-selection
- Context for socialization
- Gossiping and in-fighting
- Unstable and Transient
- Polygamous, where children are in mulitple cliques
What are crowds
Groups of adolescents stereotyped similarly
Are crowds voluntarily? What do they shape
- Not voluntary
- Shapes identity development
- Other’s perception; affect opportunities
At what age do friends show most influence
- Middle childhood - Young adulthood
- (5th grade > college)
Study: Orphan group friends
Orphaned group showed:
- Attachment
- Protection
- Caregiver and Protectors
- Reinforcement
- Emotional Support
- Friends took on the properties of “families” in its absense
Some other details
- Initially, orphan group were aggressive, mistrusting of others, poor psychological functioning
- Had good emotional connections (mutual, reciprocal)
How do friendships shape development
- ) Emotional support and validation
2) Cognitive Skills
3) Social Skills
Friendships and Development: (1) Emotional support and validation
Support
- Buffer against unpleasant experience
- Offer stability in transition
Validation
- Validate each other’s worth
- Validate each other’s beliefs
- Late-childhood self-concept: Use other’s perception to calibrate their understanding
Friendships and Development: (2) Cognitive Skills
- Offer and accept feedback due to equal power dynamics
- Develop creativity
- Social constructed learning
Friendship and Development: (3) Social skills
Practice Prosocial behaviour
- Older children
- Gossip and Argue (in-fighting)
- Younger children
- Pretend play
- Involves role-taking, perspective taking
- Pretend play
Disadvantage of friendships. Are all friendships beneficial?
VS Validation of attributes
- Aggression and Deviance
VS Proper negotiation and in-fighting
- Bullying of cyberbullying
VS prosocial behaviour
- Gang and Criminal offences
Connections vs Independence: How do family and friendships affect adolescence identity and relationships
Adoloscene solve the conflict “Connection vs Independence” with:
This is Who I Am
- Use understanding of relationship in families to negotiate relationship with peers
This is Who we Are
- Use understanding of peers to separate from family and develop themselves
