W7L1 - AB2 Emotions Flashcards
4 Perspectives of Emotions. How are they different?
- Discrete
- Functionalist
- Cognitive
- Dynamic
- Although the models share this general view of emotions (physiological, etc…), they often do not agree on the relative importance of its key components
- They are not contrasting, can take multiple perspectives
What are 6 elements of Emotions?
- Physiological Experience
- Sensations, Heart Rate
- Neural responses
- Endorphins, adrenalin, etc
- Cognitive thoughts
- Memories and thoughts associated with emotinal experience
- Emotional expressions
- Facial, posture, tension, etc
- Desires/Motivations emotions evoke
- Do you want the event to persist (“Approach”)
- Do you want the event to change (“Change”)
- Do you want the event to stop (“Escape”)?
- Subjective Feelings
- Varying dependent on interpretation
Discrete Model of Emotion. Overview
- Innate
- Discrete from one another early in life
- Represent specific, distinctive set of bodily and facial reactions
Functionalist Model of Emotion. Overview
- Emotions function to promote action toward achieving a goal
- Linked to social environment and a context
Cognitive Model of Emotion. Overview
Emotions:
- Narrative process
- Not a singular experience
- Sequenced order of internal events
- All in the cognitive realm
Cognitive Model of Emotion. Steps
Starts with Antecedent
- Primary Appraisal (What is happening - Reflexive)
- Cognition - Triggers
- Physiological
- Neural
- Secondary Appraisal (What can I do about it - Voluntary)
- Cognition - Deliberate
- Feeling
- Desires
- Action
- Expression
- Feeling
Either (a) Target/Consequence; or (b) Antecedent
Dynamic Model of Emotion. Overview
Drawing Hands
Emotions changes with each experience, build on each other, and get increasingly complex
- Each emotion has its own systems in its own right
- Physiological, Neural, Emotion Expression, Cognitive, Subjective feelings, Desires
- Relationship defines the elements
- Relationships are so strong that if 1 element changes, other systems are affected
What is temperament
- Patterns of
- Emotion
- Activity level
- Attention
- generally consistent across contexts and over time
(kinda like consistency towards particular emotions and stuff)
How many temperament has been identified in infants but what is the caveat
- Easy: 40%
- Associated with positive developmental outcomes
- Slow to Warm Up: 15%
- Difficult: 10%
- Associated with negative developmental outcomes
- Unclassifiable: 35% (Almost 1/3!)
Reductionistic to reduce emotions, activity level, and attention into 3 categories.
What are the dimensions of temperament using a person-oriented approach.
- Emotions (Anger/Distress ; Fear/Inhibition; Happiness)
- Activity Level
- Attention
- Neurophysiology (Sometimes)
What is the stress-diethesis model of development. One Example.
Vulnerability > Risk Factors > Poor Outcomes
E.g.
Temperament (Fear or Anger) > Diffiuclt family relationships > Developmental Outcomes (Anxiety, Withdrawal)
What is emotional regulation
Conscious and unconscious processes to monitor and modulate emotional experiences and expressions.
Infancy and Toddlerhood (0-2): Emotional Regulation
0-6mo
- Poor ability to regulate their own emotions
- Reliance on caregivers for regulation
6mo - 2 years:
- Minimal regulation at 6mo
- Self sooth
- Repetitive rubbing or stroking of their body or clothing
- Avert gaze
- Moving eyes away from source of distress
- Self sooth
- Still reliant on caregivers for regulation
Early/Middle Childhood (3-9): Emotional Regulation
Away from unpleasant experiences to pleasant experiences
- Avert attention
- Self-play
- Negotiate
- Negotiate situation with parent rather than emotional outburst
- Cognitive strategies
- Display rules
- Social norms on how much emotions to show
- Display rules
Late Childhood (9-11): Emotional Regulation
Not just pleasant/unpleasant. Working out others behaviour and manipulation of behaviour for shared goals
- Cognitive strategies
- Goals and values for self-esteem protection
- Manipulate behaviour for goals
