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PSYC20008 - Theme 2: Socio-Emotional > W8L1 - AB4 Family 1 > Flashcards

W8L1 - AB4 Family 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who supports influence of family v peers

A

Family: Oliver James

Peers (+Genetics): Judith Harris

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2
Q

Family as a dynamic system. Elaborate on what it means.

A

Escher’s Drawing Hands

  • Various parts of the system are in their own rights
    • Each person is unique
  • Relationship between parts define parts
    • Needs to have a son to be a father to
  • Substantial change to one part changes system to the development of the other
    • Changes in one part (e.g. divorce) will lead to developmental changes
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3
Q

Applications of the Family Dynamic Framework

A

Walsh (2015): Family Developmental Framework of Resilience

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4
Q

What are characteristics of a difficult event to a family

A
  1. ) Distressful
    2) Persistent
    3) Disruptive Transition
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5
Q

Difficult Event to Family #1: Distressful

A

Distressful

Single event with adverse consequences

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6
Q

Difficult Event to Family #1: Persistent

A

Persistent

Not necessarily event, but circumstances such as low SES

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7
Q

Difficult Event to Family #1: Disruptive Transition

A

Disruptive Transition

Event which fundementally changes relationships (e.g. divorce or new born)

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8
Q

What can difficult events do to a family

A

Some families can work together to strength bond

Others weaken family bonds

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9
Q

What are the 3 broad things families to respond to difficulties

A
  1. ) Family Belief System
    2) Family Organisation
    3) Communication
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10
Q

Family Belief System - What are some properties

A
  • Making meaning
    • Is the event a burden or giving a broader purpose?
  • Hopeful Outlook
    • Is the difficulty likely to pass soon or is it creating new opportunities?
  • Transcendence
    • How does it affect the broader context - aims and goals of the family?
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11
Q

Family Organisation - What are some properties

A
  • Flexible family structure
    • Adaptivity to take on other roles
  • Connectedness
    • Mutual support
  • External support
    • Support outside the system
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12
Q

Communication - What are some properties

A
  • Clear Information
    • Truth
  • Emotional Sharing
    • Freedom to express. Can’t be forced
  • Collaborative Sharing
    • Related to problem solving
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13
Q

Give an example of Walsh Developmental Framework. Newborn

A

Difficult Event: Disruptive Transition - Newborn

  • Changing everyone’s role
    • Parents: Caregiver provider role
    • Siblings
      • Young sibling divided parental attention
      • Older siblings have more responsibility
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14
Q

Define parent-child attachment

A

Emotional bond between parent and child enduring over time and context

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15
Q

What is the purpose of attachment.

A
  • Security
    • Partciular emotional security
    • Confidence to explore
  • Survival
    • Food
  • Co-regulation
    • Parents help child regulate their emotions
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16
Q

What are the 4 types of attachment and what are some characteristics in the strange situation

A
  • Secure
    • Upset when caregiver leaves
    • Happy to see caregiver return, recovering quickly from any distress.
    • Use caregivers as a secure base for exploration.
  • Anxious-Resistant
    • Very upset when caregiver leaves them
    • Not easily comforted and both seek comfort and resist efforts by the caregiver to comfort them.
    • Clingy and stay close to their caregiver rather than exploring
  • Anxious-Avoidant
    • Indifferent toward their caregiver and may
      even avoid the caregiver
    • If infant gets upset when left alone, he or she is as easily comforted by a stranger as by a parent
  • Disorganised
    • No consistent way of coping
    • Contradictory
17
Q

What is the problem with defining attachment with labels

A
  • Attachment labels define child’s relationship to the parent.
  • However, attachment is bi-directional. Parents seem to be a mainly fulfilling a role
18
Q

What is the developmental trajectory of attachment

A
  • Pre-Attachment
    • 0-6 Weeks
  • Attachment Forming
    • 6Weeks - 8Months
  • Clear-Cut Attachment
    • 8Months - 1.5Years
  • Reciproal Relationship
    • >1.5 Years
19
Q

Role of parent and child in pre-attachment

A

0 - 6 Weeks

  • Child
    • Innate signals (Crying)
    • Comforted by Parents
  • Parent
    • Responding to innate signals
    • Comforts Child
20
Q

Role of parent and child in attachment forming

A

6 Weeks - 8 Months

  • Child
    • Shows preference for familiar people
      • Smile, laugh, etc… in the presence of primary caregiver
    • Forms expectation on how caregivers will respond to their needs
  • Parent
    • Respond to infant’s needs
    • Build trust
21
Q

Role of parent and child in clear-cut attachment

A

8 Month - 1.5 Years

  • Child
    • Actively seek caregiver contact
    • Happily greet parents; Distressed when parents leave
  • Parent
    • Parent now serves as a secure base, facilitate infant’s exploration and mastery of environment
22
Q

Role of parent and child in reciprocal attachment

A
  • Child
    • Rapidly increasing language and cognitive abilities allow them to recognises caregivers’ feelings
    • Separation distress declines
  • Parent
    • More mutually regulated relationship emerge as the child takes an increasingly active role in developing a working partnership with his or her parents
    • Mutual regulation, working partnership
23
Q

Study: NICHD (2001) Childcare and Predictors of Attachment Study. Descriptives and Results

A

Descriptives

>1000 families in US in diverse circumstances

  • Quality of child care >
    • Income-to-needs ratio
    • Maternal sensitivity
  • Attachment

Results

  • No direct relationship between quality of child care and attachment
  • Direct relationship between income-to-needs ratio / maternal sensitivty to attachment
    • Low income-to-needs ratio = Poor attachment
    • Low maternal sensitivity = Poor attachment
  • Quality of child care has an impact only if income-to-needs ratio and maternal sensitivity is low

Suggest multiple environmental relationships

24
Q

The effects of attachment of social development … (Caveats)

A

Attachment probably does not have as strong influence as its assumed to be

  1. Effects of attachment on social development varries in continuity and change
    • Attachment styles often change despite its definition
    • Suggest effects on attachment on development pathways varies across different children and different context (Dynamic Systems)
  2. Mediated by child’s interpretation of relationship
    • (Self-concept development), forms around 3
    • Attachment only important if the child has an internal self
  3. Might be better explained by parent-child discourse
    • Child’s views shaped by parents
    • (Social constructivist) approach
25
Q

Study: Belsky et al. (2010) puberty

A

Insecure attachment had puberty earlier

  • Attachment on physical development
26
Q

Why are siblings unique

A
  • Permanent
  • Intimacy
  • Shared genetics, social cultural, family, etc…
27
Q

What are 2 aspects siblings help development

A
  1. ) Rivalry and Conflict
    2) Coalition/Alliance
28
Q

Rivalry and Conflict is it good or bad. If so, elaborate

A

Good

  • Normal
  • Frequent
  • Important for learning conflict resolution

Bad

  • No conflict resolution
  • Parental marital conflict/uninvolved
  • Older siblings are antisocial/aggressive
    • (Younger sibling learning aggressive techniques)
29
Q

How do older siblings facilitate younger sibling development

A
  • Social Cognitive Skills
    • Role Model
  • Caregiving and Protection
    • e.g. in strange situation, older sibling substituted parents
  • Teaching
30
Q

How do younger siblings facilitate older sibling development

A
  • Reciprocal behaviour
  • Offer trust, respect, admiration for the older sibling
31
Q

Both older and younger sibling help with…

A
  • Prosocial behaviour
    • Social Skills
  • Dealing with parents and other children
    • Translating
    • Diluting Anger
    • Shift power-dynamic of parent and child

PSYC20008 - Theme 2: Socio-Emotional (6 decks)

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