W9L1 - AB6 Siblings + Peers

Question 1

Accounts for individual variability between sibling development

Answer 1

1. ) Genetics
2. ) Parents at different life stages during each child’s developmental milestones
3. ) Individuals interpret & react to same experience differently
4. ) Children create own different worlds

Question 2

Account for individual variability in siblings #1: Genetics. Theme correlate and elaboration

Answer 2

Nature/Nurture

Siblings have 50% different genes. Genetic compositions influence a child’s: Predispositions, temperament, vulnerabilities, personality

Question 3

Account for individual variability in siblings #2 Parents at different life stages during each child’s developmental milestones. Theme correlate and elaboration

Answer 3

Socio-cultural context Dynamic Families

Parents have different skills, perspectives, motivations, & parenting styles at different points in time (as each child reaches milestones)

Question 4

Account for individual variability in siblings #3: Individuals interpret & react to same experience differently. Theme correlate and elaboration

Answer 4

Active Child

Each child interprets an event using their own worldviews and personal history. Those varied interpretations result in varied responses to the event.

Question 5

Account for individual variability in siblings #4: Children create own different worlds. Theme correlate and elaboration

Answer 5

Active Child

Children shape their worlds to reflect their developing sense of self and identity (and to differentiate themselves from siblings)

Question 6

What are some properties of friends

Answer 6

• Age-matched
• Close
• Non-familial

Question 7

What are some properties of friendships

Answer 7

• Homophilic ( Shared interest)
• Reinforce tendencies
• Mutual + Reciprocal

Question 8

Friends vs Siblings

Answer 8

Friends: Temporal vs Siblings: Permanent
Friends: Equal power vs Siblings: More equal than parent-child, less than friends
Friends + Siblings: Intimate
Friends + Siblings: Important for well-being

Question 9

What are cliques

Answer 9

Friendship GROUPS children join voluntary

Question 10

What are some cliques properties

Answer 10

• Sense of belonging
• Shared interest (either peer pressure/selection)
• Context for socialization (gossip/in-fighting)
• Unstable and Transient (Polygamous)

Question 11

What are crowds

Answer 11

Groups of adolescents stereotyped similarly

Question 12

What are some crowds properties

Answer 12

• Not voluntary

- Shapes identity development (other’s perception of crowds; affect opportunities)

Question 13

At what )age do friends show most influence

Answer 13

Middle childhood - Young adulthood (5th grade > college

Question 14

Study: Orphan group friends

Answer 14

Orphaned group showed: 
- Attachment
- Protection
- Reinforcement
- Emotional Support 
(considering their circumstances, they only had each other)

Question 15

How do friendships shape development

Answer 15

1. ) Emotional support & validation
   2) Cognitive Skills
   3) Social Skills

Question 16

Friendships and Development: Emotional support and validate

Answer 16

• Buffer unpleasant experience + offer stability in transition
• Validate each other’s worth and beliefs

Question 17

Friendships and Development: Cognitive Skills

Answer 17

Offer & accept feedback due to equal power dynamics = Develop creativity and similar to social constructed learning

Question 18

Friendship and Development: Social skills

Answer 18

Prosocial behaviour - Older children: Gossip and Argue; Younger children: Pretend play

Question 19

Disadvantage of friendships

Answer 19

Instead of emotional validation: Aggression and Deviance

Instead of proper negotiation: Bullying

Instead of prosocial behaviour: Gang and Crimes

Question 20

Connections vs Independence: How do family and friendships affect adolescence

Answer 20

Both influence. Use understanding of relationship in families, mentors to negotiate relationship with peers; Use understanding of peers to separate from family and develop themselves.