W6L2 - AB1 Social & Emotional Development Flashcards
What is Self-concept
A conceptual system made up of one’s thoughts and attitudes about one’s self (physical being, social characteristics, internal characteristics.)
Difference between “I’ and “Me”. What are some aspects of self
“I”: Self as knower, actor, inner life, not accessible to others
“Me”: Self as object of evaluation
Material (“Mine”); Social (“How others perceive”); Spiritual (“Values; Enduring Aspects”)
What purpose does self-concept serve?
Essential for regulation of ALL behaviour
- Self-concept is a lens for interpreting all stimuli
- Self-expectations, goals, beliefs guide behaviour
Does self-concept develop over time?
Self-concept develops over time:
Increasing complexities of the “material”, “social” and “spiritual” selves
Self-Concept: Infancy (0-1 yo)
? Gaze?
Self-Concept: Toddlerhood (1-2 yo)
Pronouns; Body control
Self-Concept: Early ch. (3-5 yo)
Observable descriptions, unrealistic abilities
Self-Concept: Mid. ch. (6-9 yo)
Realistic abilities; social comparisons
Self-Concept: Late ch. (9-11 yo)
Others’ perceptions; some grouping of descriptors; values
Self-Concept: Early adol. (12-14 yo)
Conflicting, abstract descriptors; egocentrism
Self-Concept: Late adol. (15-18 yo)
Higher order, integrated abstract descriptors
What is identity?
Description of self OFTEN externally imposed, such as through a membership or group.
A person’s sense of who they are, where and how they belong, what they value, and directions they choose to pursue in life.
Exploring identity: No
Committing to identity: No
Identity Diffusion
Exploring identity: No
Committing to identity: Yes
Foreclosure
Exploring identity: Yes
Committing to identity: No
Moratorium
Exploring identity: Yes
Committing to identity: Yes
Identity Achievement
Outcomes of long-term Achievement & Moratorium
Positive self-esteem, critical thinking, advanced moral reasoning
Outcomes of long-term Foreclosure
Intolerance, inflexibility, regard difference of opinion as threat
Outcomes of long-term Diffusion
apathy, depression, going along w/ crowd, hopelessness, risky behaviour
Is there a correct identity status?
No
Details of Identity Diffusion
Not ideal for long term
Most early adolescence are in diffusion
Details of Foreclosure
Most accepted experience in some cultures & some family circumstances
Details of Moratorium
- Can be necessary for exploring alternatives
- Can be overwhelming
- Not always possible
Details of Identity Achievement
- Autonomous, rewarding
- Difficult to achieve
- Not permanent
What is Ethnic Identity
(1) A sense of belonging to an ethnic group (a group with shared cultural traditions);
(2) The degree to which a person associates his/her thinking, perceptions, feelings, and behaviour with membership in that group.
What are phases of ethnic identity
Diffusion; Moratorium; Foreclosure; Achivement
E.I Diffusion
Have not explored their ethnic identity
Not committed (some actively negative)
E.I Moratorium
Exploration of ethnic group (or other ethnic groups)
Not committed
E. I Foreclosure
Have not explored their ethnic identity
Strongly committed
E. I Achievement
Exploration of ethnic group (or other ethnic groups)
Conscious commitment
In a study with 239 Bulgarian and Romany high school students (aged 17 and 18), …. ethnic identity
ethnic commitment was higher than ethnic exploration (not significant)
Ethnic identity: Yes
National identity: Yes
Integration, achieved
High Psych, High Social
Ethnic identity: No
National identity: Yes
Assimilation, national
Low Psych, Normal Social
Ethnic identity: Yes
National identity: No
Separation, ethnic
High Psych, Low Social
Ethnic identity: No
National identity: No
Marginalisation, diffuse
Low Psych, Low Social
