W8L1 - AB4 Family 1

Question 1

Who supports influence of family v peers

Answer 1

Family: Oliver James

Peers (+Genetics): Judith Harris

Question 2

Family as a dynamic system - Picture

Answer 2

Escher’s Drawing Hands

Question 3

Describe Escher’s drawing hands in the context of a family

Answer 3

1) Various parts of the system are in their own rights
2. ) Relationship between parts define parts
3. ) Substantial change to one part changes system to the development of the other

Question 4

Walsh (2015): Development

Answer 4

Family Developmental Framework of Resilience

Question 5

How does the Family developmental framework finds in Escher’s Hands

Answer 5

1) Each person is unique
2) Needs to have a son to be a father to
3) Changes in one part (e.g. divorce) will lead to developmental changes

Question 6

What are characteristics of a difficult event to a family

Answer 6

1. ) Distressful
   2) Persistent
   3) Disruptive Transition

Question 7

Difficult Event to Family #1: Distressful

Answer 7

Single event with adverse consequences

Question 8

Difficult Event to Family #1: Persistent

Answer 8

Not necessarily event, but circumstances such as low SES

Question 9

Difficult Event to Family #1: Disruptive Transition

Answer 9

Event which changes relationships (e.g. divorce)

Question 10

What are the 3 broad things families can do to deal with difficult events

Answer 10

1. ) Family Belief System
   2) Flexible Organisation
   3) Communication

Question 11

Family Belief System - What are some properties

Answer 11

1. ) Making meaning
2. ) Hopeful Outlook
   3) Transcendence

Question 12

Flexible Organisation - What are some properties

Answer 12

1. ) Flexible structure
   2) Connectedness (Trust)
2. ) External support (Support outside the system)

Question 13

Communication - What are some properties

Answer 13

1) Clear Information
2) Emotional Sharing (Can’t be forced)
3) Collaborative Sharing

Question 14

What can difficult events do to a family

Answer 14

Some families can work together to strength bond; others weaken family

Question 15

Define parent-child attachment

Answer 15

Emotional bond between parent and child enduring over time and context

Question 16

What is the purpose of attachment. and to whom.

Answer 16

To Child:

1. ) Security (Confidence to explore)
   2) Survival (Food)
   3) Co-regulation (Parents help child regulate emotions)

Question 17

What are the 4 types of attachment and what are some characteristics in the strange situation

Answer 17

1. ) Secure: Cry when parents leave; Okay when back
   2) Anxious-Resistant: Cry & Parents cannot sooth
   3) Anxious-Avoidant: Ignore all. Soothed by Stranger
   4) Disorganised: Unclear

Question 18

What is the problem with defining attachment with labels

Answer 18

Attachment labels define child’s relationship to the parent. However, attachment is bi-directional. Parents seem to be a mainly fulfilling a role

Question 19

What is the developmental trajectory of attachment

Answer 19

0-6 Weeks: Pre-Attachment
6Weeks - 8mo: Forming
8mo- 1.5years: Clear-cut
.>1.5years: Reciprocal

Question 20

Role of parent and child in pre-attachment

Answer 20

Child: Innate signals, comforted
Parent: Respond to innate signals, comforts

Question 21

Role of parent and child in attachment forming

Answer 21

Child: Shows preference for familiar people
Parent: Respond to infant’s needs, build trust

Question 22

Role of parent and child in clear-cut attachment

Answer 22

Child: Actively seek caregiver contact
Parent: Secure base, facilitate exploration

Question 23

Role of parent and child in reciprocal attachment

Answer 23

Child: Recognises caregivers’ feelings
Parent: Mutual regulation, working partnership

Question 24

Study: NICHD (2001)

Answer 24

Childcare & Predictors of attachment

Question 25

Study: NICHD (2001) Descriptives

Answer 25

> 1000 families in US in diverse circumstances

Question 26

Study: NICHD (2001) Results

Answer 26

Quality of child care > Income-to-needs ratio & maternal sensitivity > attachment
- Non-Significant relationship between quality of child care and attachment

Quality of child care only important if SES and maternal sensitivity is low

Question 27

What are effects of attachment affected by. What does it suggest

Answer 27

1. ) Varies in continuity & Change - dynamic r/s in development and change
   2) Mediated by child’s interpretation of relationship - self-concept development
   3) Might be better explained by parent-child discourse - Child’s views shaped by parents.

> Maybe attachment is NOT that important

Question 28

Study: Belsky et al. (2010) puberty

Answer 28

Insecure attachment had puberty earlier

Question 29

What are 2 aspects siblings help development

Answer 29

1. ) Rivalry & Conflict

2) Coalition/ALliance

Question 30

Rivalry and Conflict is it good or bad. If so, elaborate

Answer 30

Normal. Problem if:

• No resolution
• Parental marital conflict/uninvolved
• Older siblings are aggressive

Question 31

How do older siblings facilitate younger sibling development

Answer 31

1) Social cognitive capacity
2) Caregiving
3) Teaching

Question 32

How do younger siblings facilitate older sibling development

Answer 32

1) Reciprocal behaviour

2) Offer trust

Question 33

How does the alliance between older and younger sibling help against the world

Answer 33

• Prosocial behaviour

- Dealing with parents / other children