W9 Translation Flashcards
what are the 3 basics of translation
- happens in cytosol
- peptide bonds between amino acids
- mRNA is read from 5’ to 3’
what is the start codonsequence
AUG codon
what’s the shine Dalgarno sequence
AGGAGG
what are the 2 subunits of bacterial ribosomes
50s, 30s
how is translation initiated in eukaryotes
- eIFs bind to 5’ cap
- poly-A binding proteins bind to poly A tail
- initiation factors with methionine bind to mRNA
- move along to find start codon
what’s the molecule responsible for translation called
tRNA
what are the 2 types of methionine tRNAs
- Met-tRNAi
- Met-tRNA
what is initiator tRNA [Met-tRNAi]
initiator tRNA for start of translation
what is normal Met-tRNA
used during elongation
how do initiator tRNA and normal Met-tRNA differ
diff tRNA sequence
what is aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
enzyme which links specific amino acids to their tRNAs
how do tRNA ensure correct pairing
editing and complementary affinity
what are eukaryotic ribosomes made of
60s and 40s
what are the 3 sites of ribosomes
E P A
what do elongation factors do
Increase efficiency and accuracy of translation
what do hsp70 machinery do
assist with correct protein folding
what is a polysome
several ribosomes that can translate a piece of mRNA simultaneously
how is translation terminated
release factor binds to A site
what is X ray diffraction used for
determine structure of crystalline materials
what does peptidyl transferase do
forms peptide bonds between amino acids
how is peptidyl transferase inhibited
chloramohenicol
what binds to the A site
charged tRNA
what happens at the P site
peptidyl transferase catalyses peptide bonds to create polypeptides
what direction does translation happen in
5’ to 3’ end
what happens when elongation of translation is finished
E site ejects the tNRA
what can we use to sequence resistance in bacteria
NGS
