W9 Translation

Question 1

what are the 3 basics of translation

Answer 1

• happens in cytosol
• peptide bonds between amino acids
• mRNA is read from 5’ to 3’

Question 2

what is the start codonsequence

Answer 2

AUG codon

Question 3

what’s the shine Dalgarno sequence

Answer 3

AGGAGG

Question 4

what are the 2 subunits of bacterial ribosomes

Answer 4

50s, 30s

Question 5

how is translation initiated in eukaryotes

Answer 5

• eIFs bind to 5’ cap
• poly-A binding proteins bind to poly A tail
• initiation factors with methionine bind to mRNA
• move along to find start codon

Question 6

what’s the molecule responsible for translation called

Answer 6

tRNA

Question 7

what are the 2 types of methionine tRNAs

Answer 7

• Met-tRNAi
• Met-tRNA

Question 8

what is initiator tRNA [Met-tRNAi]

Answer 8

initiator tRNA for start of translation

Question 9

what is normal Met-tRNA

Answer 9

used during elongation

Question 10

how do initiator tRNA and normal Met-tRNA differ

Answer 10

diff tRNA sequence

Question 11

what is aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Answer 11

enzyme which links specific amino acids to their tRNAs

Question 12

how do tRNA ensure correct pairing

Answer 12

editing and complementary affinity

Question 13

what are eukaryotic ribosomes made of

Answer 13

60s and 40s

Question 14

what are the 3 sites of ribosomes

Answer 14

E P A

Question 15

what do elongation factors do

Answer 15

Increase efficiency and accuracy of translation

Question 16

what do hsp70 machinery do

Answer 16

assist with correct protein folding

Question 17

what is a polysome

Answer 17

several ribosomes that can translate a piece of mRNA simultaneously

Question 18

how is translation terminated

Answer 18

release factor binds to A site

Question 19

what is X ray diffraction used for

Answer 19

determine structure of crystalline materials

Question 20

what does peptidyl transferase do

Answer 20

forms peptide bonds between amino acids

Question 21

how is peptidyl transferase inhibited

Answer 21

chloramohenicol

Question 22

what binds to the A site

Answer 22

charged tRNA

Question 23

what happens at the P site

Answer 23

peptidyl transferase catalyses peptide bonds to create polypeptides

Question 24

what direction does translation happen in

Answer 24

5’ to 3’ end

Question 25

what happens when elongation of translation is finished

Answer 25

E site ejects the tNRA

Question 26

what can we use to sequence resistance in bacteria

Answer 26

NGS