W8 Transcription Flashcards
what are the 2 regulatory elements
promotors and enhancers
which direction are promotors
proximal
which direction are enhancer
distal
what are found on promotors
transcription factor binding sites
what section of genes are transcribed but then spliced out
introns
where is energy for transcription from
hydrolysis of the ribonucleoside
triphosphate
what type of polymerase do eukaryotes use
RNA polymerase 2
what does RNA polymerase 2 do
- Unwinds DNA
- form phosphodiester bonds
- Proof-reading and correction
why are DNA and RNA polymerase diff
Processivity
how does bacteria transcription occur
- sigma factors take RNA polymerase to specific promotor
- RNA polymerase binds to promotor seq
- forming a closed complex
- DNA is unzipped and opens the complex to form a transcription bubble
- RNA polymerase will elongate by placing RNA nucleotides
describe 5’ capping
- adds a m7G cap to mRNA
- guanyl transferase adds the G
- methyl transferase add the methyl group
what is a promotor
a region of a gene that polymerase binds to for downstream transcription
how do eukaryotes initiate transcription
- enhancers will interact with transcription binding proteins via a mediator
- RNA polymerase will elongate after binding to a transcription factor
why is the mRNA strand and coding strand the same
both complementary to template strand
how can you tell a cell is prokaryotic
- transcription and translation happening simultaneously
- contains introns
