W5 + 6 Mendelian Genetics Flashcards
what is Mendel’s first law
during gamete formation the 2 alleles segrate equally
what was Mendel’s experiment
monohybrid pea plant
what is an F1 generation
first offspring generation
what is autosomal dominant/recessive
traits caused by a mutation on an autosome
what is Mendel’s 2nd law
independent assortment = allele pairs segregate independently
what enzyme controls wrinkled peas
Sbe1
why do peas appear green
lack of Sgr enzyme to break down chlorophyll
what type of 2 plants don’t follow Mendel’s first law
snapdragons + lentil
what is incomplete dominance caused by
heterozygous alleles
what is preformationism
one parent contributes to most of the features of offspring
what is “homunculus”
the gamete that contributes more
what is the F2 ratio of 2 genes with dominant and recessive allele
9:3:3:1
when would you observe 9:7 F2 ratio
when the genes act in series
what is epistasis
when 1 allele stops the effects the allele of another gene
when species undergo dominant epistasis in series what is the ratio of F2
12:3:1
what is gene redundancy
dominant allele of either 2 genes is enough to code for the phenotype
what is polygenic inheritance
every gene makes a contribution to the phenotype
what kind of distribution does polygenic inheritance make
normal distibution
what is heritability
how much of a phenotype is due to genetics
how does autosomal dominant effect copy of a gene
heterozygote with 1 changed copy of gene
how does autosomal recessive effect copy of a gene
homozygote with 2 changed copies of gene
what’s the issue with cystic fibrosis
affects proteins ability to transport chloride ions
what is penetrance
proportion of individuals with allele who have a phenotype
what is the ratio of recessive epitasis
9:4:3
