W9 - Alkalisers & Buffering Agents Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the ways in which muscle can get rid of H+?

A

Monocarboxylase transporters (remove lactate + H from muscle)

Sodium-hydrogen exchanger

Sodium bicarbonate transporters

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2
Q

Why is bicarbonate important to bring into the muscle?

A

Due to it acting as a buffer to make the cell more alkaline

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3
Q

Why is bicarbonate important to bring into the muscle?

A

Due to it acting as a buffer to make the cell more alkaline

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4
Q

What is really important for membrane potential?

A

K+

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5
Q

Na+/K+ pump

A

3na+ OUT

2k+ IN

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6
Q

Accumulation of K+ outside cell with reduced membrane potential will cause

A

Issues with the ability to generate force

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7
Q

Effects of extracellular K+ on peak force

Increased extracellular [K+]

A

Less negative resting membrane potential.

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8
Q

Effects of extracellular K+ on peak force

4-7mM extracellular K+

A

not any real effect

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9
Q

Effects of extracellular K+ on peak force

10mM extracellular K+

A

25% loss of peak force.

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10
Q

Effects of extracellular K+ on peak force…

12mM extracellular K+

A

Inability to generate force.

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11
Q

What do buffering agents allow?

A

⬇️ in the increase of H+

⬇️ in the increase in K+

⬆️ lactate in venous blood (leaving tissues) but no change in arterial lactate.

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12
Q

What does supplementation of bicarbonate do?

A

⬆️ blood bicarbonate pools = more efficient buffering of the muscle due to bicarbonate soaking up the H+

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13
Q

When is supplementing sodium bicarbonate useful?

A

In high output, anaerobic glycolysis events

When the limitation could be due to low pH

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14
Q

For who is there greater effect of acute sodium bicarbonate supplementation?

A

In untrained athletes

Due to trained already exhibiting the adaptations i.e they would have more monocarboxylase transporters so already have an improved buffering capacity.

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15
Q

Chronic bicarbonate supplementation… What resulted in better maintenance of pH?

A

Medium + high intakes

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16
Q

Side effects to bicarbonate supplementation

A

Vomiting

Diarrhoea

Dizziness

G.I issues

17
Q

When to take sodium bicarbonate supplementation and how much

A

0.3-0.5g/kg/BM

90-120 mins b4 exercise

18
Q

What is carnosine?

A

Dipeptide in animal flesh

19
Q

What is carnosine made up of

A

L-histidine (EAA) and beta-alanine (AA)

20
Q

Purpose of carnosine

A

Buffers H+

Anti-oxidant

Can stop glycation + carbonylation

21
Q

What % of muscle buffering capacity comes from carnosine?

A

15%

22
Q

Can carnosine be absorbed whole?

A

NO

23
Q

What can result in increased muscle carnosine conc?

A

Supplementation of b-alanine

24
Q

Beta-alanine and HIIT training

A

Increased VO2 max and TTE at 3 weeks

25
Q

Side effects to beta-alanine

A
Parathesia 
Double vision 
Hypertension 
Weight-gain 
Cognitive difficulties. 
		— To overcome, slow release tablets?