W8 Flashcards
What are the 2 categories under sources of oxidants?
Environmental exposures
Cellular processes
Functions of ROS (reactive O2 species) and RNS (reactive nitrogen species)
SR Ca2+ release
GLUT4 translocation
⬆️ protein synthesis
Metabolic regulation
Vasodilation
Immune function
By which cells is nitric oxide produced?
Endothelial cells
List the nutritional antioxidants
Vitamins C, E + Carotene
Minerals - Copper, zinc, manganese + selenium
Polyphenols - Phenolic acids, Stilbenes + flavonoids
Around what % of polyphenols that we consume actually make it into circulation?
~5-10%
What can polyphenols serve as which favourable effects the composition of the gut microbiome?
Can serve as prebiotics
What do pro oxidants / semiquinones and quinones do?
⬆️ synthesis of endogenous antioxidants
Inhibit ROS production
What is the enzymes NADPHoxidase responsible for?
Producing superoxide (1 of the oxygen radicals)
Name one of the direct oxidant scavengers
N-acetylcysteine
What is glutathiones role as an antioxidant
Detoxifies hydrogen peroxide
What does increased concentration of interleukin-6 indicate?
Inflammatory response
What is quercetin
A polyphenol that has a widespread presence in fruit + veg
What was found after a 7-day quercetin supplementation?
2.8% increase in endurance performance.
– In response to supplementing with 500 to 1000mg/day
What did taking Ecklonia Cava do to performance for recreational active men in regards to the incremental exercise test?
⬆️ VO2 max
What was the result after 7 days pre-loading with montmorency cherry concentrate
Enhanced functional recovery from intensive exercise
What are polyphenols able to do to recovery and by what is it suggested?
Enhance functional recovery
Due to perhaps:
- ⬇️ oxidative damage
- ⬇️ inflammation
- Data of soreness is equivocal
What is melatonin?
Sleep enhancing substance
