W3 - Fat & Performance (new)

Question 1

What is the major storage from of fats in the body?

Answer 1

TAG

3 FA + 1 glycerol

Question 2

No. of C in SCFA

Answer 2

4 or less

Question 3

No. of C in MCFA

Answer 3

6-12

Question 4

No. of C in LCFA

Answer 4

14+

Question 5

The longer the FA chain length the…

Answer 5

More solid it is at room temp

Question 6

What are the missing H bonds in unsat FA replaced by?

Answer 6

C=C

Question 7

Which type of FA have all their H bonds?

Answer 7

Saturated

Question 8

What do trans fats do?

Answer 8

Increase LDL content

Decrease HDL content

= Negative effect on health

Question 9

Which FA NEED to be consumed due to not being able to be synthesised by the body?

Answer 9

Essential

Question 10

What does the 9 in Omega-9 symbolise?

Answer 10

9 C’s away from the omega end of the FA chain

Question 11

Which omegas are essential FA that we must consume through our diet?

Answer 11

3

6

Question 12

What does the ratio of n-3/n-6 poly-unsat FA in cell membranes lead to?

Answer 12

Different sets of intracellular mediators being produced.

Question 13

Which poly unsat FA leads to FEWER inflammatory mediators being produced?

Answer 13

n-3

Question 14

What happens to the turnover rate of adipose tissue if health status declines?

Answer 14

Will also decline

Question 15

Athlete use + re-synthesis of adipose tissue

Answer 15

Extremely fast

Question 16

Which FAs can be found in circulation?

Answer 16

MCFA + LCFA

Question 17

What can happen to the MCFA and LCFA found in circulation?

Answer 17

Can be transported into cell via FD through FAT/CD36.

Question 18

Which FA can also be found as IMTG?

Answer 18

LCFA

Question 19

Once into cell, what happens to the MCFA?

Answer 19

CoA facilitates reaction of MCFA to Acyl-CoA

Question 20

Once into cell, what happens to the LCFA?

Answer 20

CoA facilitates reaction of LCFA to Acyl-CoA with ACS.

Question 21

What happens in the cell once MCFA have been converted to Acyl-CoA?

Answer 21

Acyl-CoA can diffuse into mitochondria.

Question 22

What happens in the cell once LCFA have been converted to Acyl-CoA?

Answer 22

Acyl-CoA can be translocated into mitochondria via Carnitine shuffle by CP1, CACT + CPT2 enzymes.

Question 23

What happens once Acyl-CoA formed from MCFA or LCFA enters mitochondria?

Answer 23

Undergo b-oxidation:

2C are cleaved off every round to prod Acetyl-CoA which can then be used in oxidative phosphorylation to synthesise ATP.

Question 24

Roughly at what exercise intensity are Fat AND CHO use roughly equal?

Answer 24

65% VO2 max

Question 25

What is the most proximal lipid fuel source for the muscle?

Answer 25

IMTG

Question 26

Where do IMGT exist?

Answer 26

In lipid droplets within + between muscle fibres.

Question 27

Although athletes might have the same amount of lipids stored in the muscle cells compared to somebody obese, they are stored in different places + different masses.

Explain this

Answer 27

Athletes lipid droplets will be stored directly proximal to mitochondria + their masses will be smaller to provide larger SA for hormones to liberate FFA within = higher turnover of lipids.

Obese ind = more inert lipid droplets w/ a much lower turnover rate.

Question 28

Is Fatmax fixed?

Answer 28

No, inter-individual variability can be very large

Question 29

What does training do to fat oxidation?

Answer 29

Enhances it

Question 30

Roughly at what % Vo2 max does fat oxidation peak?

Answer 30

~50-65%

Question 31

What is a positive to endogenous fat availability and fat oxidation being increased?

Answer 31

CHO will be spared - available to use at specific times during sporting perf.

Question 32

What is meant to happen if the drug heparin is co-administered with a high fat meal?

Answer 32

Heparin will increase the release of LPL from vasculature to allow for incr hydrolysis of ingested TAG to FFA.

== More FFA available

Question 33

Does increasing fat oxidation at moderate exercise intensity improve performance?

Answer 33

NO

Question 34

A set amount of fat is needed in the diet to maintain IMTG stores but more is…

Answer 34

Not necessarily better as more can lead to impaired glycogen storage

Question 35

What has data suggested about a very low fat diet and why?

Answer 35

Perf detriment could be likely

Due to reduced IMTG storage.

Question 36

In order to preserve IMTG content, the daily fat intake for endurance athletes should be no less than…

Answer 36

22%

Question 37

During exercise above 70% VO2 max, the rate of fat oxidation in skeletal muscle can be limited by what??

Answer 37

Plasma FFA conc