W9&10 Phylum Arthropoda. Class Insecta.

Question 1

Class Insecta characteristics

Answer 1

body= head, thorax, + abodmen;
3 pairs of walking legs.
pair of lrg compound eyes
pair of antennae on the head;
2 pairs of wings in thoracic segments

Question 2

what is Ametabolous development

Answer 2

Hatching eggs produce miniature copies of adults which increase size and shed exoskeleton Ecdysis. NO metamorphosis

Question 3

what is Hemimetabolous development

Answer 3

Newly hatched are similar to adult but smaller in size +lack wings.sexually immature
incomplete metamorphosis HAS NYMPH STAGE

Question 4

what is Holometabolous development

Answer 4

Newly hatched= completely different from adults . larval forms live in diff habitats. Larval stage= complete it stops feeding and builds cocoon around itself
HAS PUPA STAGE
Lava undergoes metamorphosis of organs fully formed adult.

Question 5

Class Insecta Digestive system

Answer 5

closed. 3 part: foregut, midgut, hindgut
Complex digestive tract.
glands producing digestive enzymes+ anticoagulants.
mouthparts, related to their feeding habits.

Question 6

Class Insecta circulation

Answer 6

open.
hemolymph confined to vessels. throughout rest of body it flows freely through body cavity. (hemocoel)
dorsal vessel acts as heart. it pumps hemolymph through the sinuses of the hemocoel.
DO NOT CARRY O2

Question 7

Class Insecta respiration

Answer 7

tracheal system. air enters through spiracles. aquatic has gills
body muscles involved

Question 8

Class Insecta excretion

Answer 8

Malpighian tubules remove nitrogenous waste from hemolymph. they work w/ hind gut

Question 9

Class Insecta nervous

Answer 9

ganglia+ ventral double spinal cord
dorsal brain= linked to ventral nerve cord (paired ganglia)
CNS- most ganglia- brain+SC
peripheral nerve system: sensory neurons, sense organs-eye, sensitive to sound, sensitive to chemical

Question 10

Class Insecta Reproduction

Answer 10

2 sexes, fertilization= internal
male locates female through chemicals (pheromones).

females store sperm in a special receptacle in abdomens
females mate only once and rely on sperm stored during that mating for the rest of their lives.

Question 11

what are Pediculus humanus known as?

what are the types, habitat

Answer 11

head louse- doesn’t transmit infections
inhabits head w/ hair

body louse- transmits typhus
found in clothes+ underwear

Question 12

Pediculus humans morphology

Answer 12

• female= 4mm, lrg eggs seen in abdomen, post end=bifurcated
• male= 3mm, copulatory organ reach post end= rounded
• body:covered by yellow/ brown chitinous exoskeleton
  6 legs that end w/ curved chitinous claws- attach to hair
  they are doors-ventrally flattened+ NO wings

EGG= ‘nits’: Females lay 3-4 eggs per day.
To attach an egg, the adult female secretes a glue from her reproductive organ.
egg = oval-shaped, 0.8mm

Question 13

Pediculus humanus Transmission

Answer 13

direct contact w/ infected person, sharing louse-infected clothes

Question 14

Pediculus humanus causes

transmitted diseases

Answer 14

pediculosis- severe itching, redness

Louse-borne Typhus = rickettsial disease .caused by “Rickettsia prowažeki”
it inhabits louse digestive
tract.
Relapsing fever caused by “Borrelia recurrentis” . It inhabits the louse hemolymph.

Question 15

Pediculus humanus life cycle

Answer 15

nits= headlice egg
1) nits laid by adult female near scalp.
2) eggs hatch + release nymph. they mature after 3 molts+ become adults(6 legs)
3) they feed on blood several times to survive. w/o blood they die
3 NYMPH STAGE

Question 16

What is Phthirius pubis known as?

Answer 16

crap louse or pubic louse-

doesn’t transmit diseases

Question 17

Phthirius pubis morphology

Answer 17

2mm
body= round, is an obligate ectoparasite.
dorsoventrally flattened
6 legs w/ claws for clinging to hairs of host. back legs= thicker.front legs =equipped w/ large claws.

Question 18

Phthirius pubis habitat

Answer 18

in pubic hair. in areas w/ coarse (thick) hair

Question 19

Phthirius pubis cause

Answer 19

severe itching. DOES NOT TRANSIT DISEASES

Question 20

Phthirius pubis transmission

Answer 20

from person to person via sexual contact.
They cannot jump, and feed
exclusively on blood.

Question 21

Phthirius pubis life cycle

Answer 21

1) female eggs lays on hair shaft (30 eggs)
2) eggs hatch–> nymph (small version of adult) they most 3 times–> adult
require blood, w/o blood they die
3 NYMPH STAGES

Question 22

what is Cimex lectularius known as

what are they? hosts?

Answer 22

common beg bug

blood feeding parasites of humans, chickens, bats and
domesticated animals.

Question 23

Cimex lectularius morphology

Answer 23

body= dorsoventrally flattened covered by red- brownish chitinous exoskeleton ovoid w/ reduced wings.
mouth parts adapted for piercing + sucking. they inject saliva w/ antocoagulants+ painkillers
pair of antennae, pair of compound eyes.
male has present shaped copulatory organ

Question 24

Cimex lectularius reproduction

Answer 24

sexual dimorphism.
mate by traumatic insemination. male pierces female abdomen+ injects sperm into female abdominal cavity. they reach ovaries= fertilisation

Question 25

Cimex lectularius eggs

Answer 25

female lays 200 eggs, eggs laid on rough surface+ coasted w/ transparent coat =adheres them to substrate

Question 26

Cimex lectularius life cycle

Answer 26

cimex takes blood meals, females lay eggs. eggs hatch--> nymph which take blood meals + molts into next stage. 5 NYMPHAL STAGE (blood meal between each stage) --> adult adult takes blood meal, mating occurs (traumatic insemination)

Question 27

Cimex lectularius cause carries

Answer 27

severe itching, skin rash causes inflammation due to allergic components in saliva carriers of leprosy, kin leishmaniasis, Q-fever

Question 28

what is Pulex irritans known as

Answer 28

Human flea- bloodsucking ectoparasites of mammals and birds

Question 29

Pulex irritans morphology

Answer 29

Small insect covered flattened body w/ yellow/brown Chitinous exoskeleton no wings posterior pair of legs elongated allowing insect to jump for escape and getting onto host mouthparts adapted for piercing skin and sucking blood LARVAE: worm like, feed of undigested blood in feces of adults

Question 30

Pulex irritans as vector

Answer 30

plague (agent: Yersinia pestsis), murine typhus (agent: Rickettsia typhi) flea-borne spotted rickettsiosis (agent: Rickettsia felis). intermediate host of Dipilidium caninum

Question 31

Pulex irritans life cycle

Answer 31

eggs--> larvae--> pupae--> adults eggs shed by female. eggs hatch--> larva+ feed on organic debris larvae--> pupae=cocoons adults hatch from pupae+ seek warm- blooded host= human

Question 32

Genus Culex and genus Anopheles

Answer 32

Genus Culex = non malarial mosquito Genus Anopheles= malaria mosquitos only female feed on blood, male has feathery antenna

Question 33

Genus Culex and genus Anopheles morphology | egg, larvae, pupae, adults

Answer 33

4-10mm - egg: C= light colour, laid vertically on water surface in groups, A= bright, laid singly, they lay horizontally on water surface - larvae: C=has air tube at post end, so hangs at an Angle to water surface A=no air tubes, lay parallel to water surface - pupae: C= abdomen less bent A= abdomen more bent, have short air tube in ant part - adults: C= no spots on wings, at rest body lies parallel to surface A= 4-5 sports on wings, st rest body is inclined at angle of 45 to surface

Question 34

Genus Culex and genus Anopheles vector and transmitted diseases

Answer 34

Culex: yellow fever (liver disease, yellow skin), denga, encephalitis (arboviruses), tularemia. transmits filarial parasite Anopheles: transmits malarial parasite (plasmodium) def host=Plasmodium species;

Question 35

Genus Culex and genus Anopheles life cycle

Answer 35

egg--> larva(4)--> pupae--> adult female lays eggs on water eggs, hatch into larva which swims, feeds -shed 4 LARVAL STAGES + grows into pupae which comes to surface to breathe. pupae--> adult emerges. adult has eyes, antenna, palps, + mouth part/proboscis

Question 36

what is Phlebotomus papatasii known as

Answer 36

sand fly

Question 37

Phlebotomus papatasii morphology

Answer 37

Chitin hair covered body long legs nocturnal, black eyes, hairy body when standing hold wings above body female is bloodsucking.

Question 38

Phlebotomus papatasii as vector

Answer 38

female carries the Leishmania protozoa transmitting the disease, host + vector of leishmania Donovan- causes sandfly fever, kala-azar, leishmaniasis vector of phlebovirus causing pappateci fever in human

Question 39

Phlebotomus papatasii vs mosquito

Answer 39

Phlebotomus papatasii doesn't require aquatic enviro to complete life-cycle females lay eggs in soil or anyplace with decaying organic matter.

Question 40

Phlebotomus papatasii life cycle

Answer 40

egg--> larva--> pupae--> adult 1) Female lays egg in damp dark places 2) eggs hatch-- > larva which feed on organic matter 4 LARVAL STAGES--> Pupae found in cracks in walls then develops--> adult