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Biology- parasites > W6- Phylum Platyhelminthes (Class Cestoda) > Flashcards

W6- Phylum Platyhelminthes (Class Cestoda) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is class Cestoda known as?

A

they are Tape worms from phylum Platyhelminthes

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2
Q

Characterics of class cestoda

A

endoparasites(lives inside tissues of host)

  • multisegment, dorsoventrally flattened tape-like worms
  • NO digestive system
  • hermophrodites (M+F)
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3
Q

Class Cestoda morphology

A

3 parts: Scolex(head), colon(neck), Strobila(body).
- Scolex: organ of attachment to intestinal mucosa of def host.
- Colon: region of grown, budding of new proglottids.
- Strobila: composed of a chain of proglottids.
> immature proglottids- near neck, repro organs not well developed.
> mature segment- every segment contains both M+F sex organs.
> gravid segment- at hind end, filled by uterus w/ egg. leave host in feces.

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4
Q

What are proglottids?

A

they are the segments that make up body of tape worms, they contain sexually mature reproductive system.

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5
Q

What is strobilation?

A

asexual process of forming segments. each segment had testes and ovaries

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6
Q

what is Diphyllobothrium latum known as?

A

fish or broad tapeworm

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7
Q

what does Diphyllobothrium latum cause

A

Diphyllobothriasis

may cause vit B12 deficiency + megaloblastic anemia.

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8
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum habitat

A

in small intestine/ ileum

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9
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum morphology

A

20m
scolex has 2 bothria (slit like grooves) for attachment to the intestine.
Proglottids are wider than
long.(3000-4000 prog) mature prog has M+F repro organs.
Gravid proglottids= flower like uterus.
ovary is bi-lobed
testes= minute follicles located laterally in dorsal plane.
adults can shed 1 mill eggs a day.

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10
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum host

A

def host: humans (fish eating mammals)

2 inter hosts:

1) copepod crustaceans
2) freshwater fish

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11
Q

Diphyllobothrium latum life cycle

A
  1. unembry. eggs passed in faeces
  2. Eggs embroynate in water and hatch into Coracirdia they are ingested by copecod crustaceans+and in their body cavity procercoid larva
  3. procercoid larva ingested by fish and migrate to muscles via bloodstream—>plercercoid larva
  4. mammals eat infected fish, humans consume undercooked infected fish
  5. adult worms develop in small intestine is immature eggs are passed in feces
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12
Q

what is Taenia saginata known as?

A

beef taenia, taeniarhynchus sagiantus

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13
Q

Taenia saginata morphology

A

5-10m, ribbon-like
scolex: 4 suckers, no rostellum- attachment to organ.
dorsoventrally flattened
gravid proglottid more than 12 uterine branches on each side

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14
Q

Taenia saginata host

A 
def host: humans ONLY
inter host: cattle
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15
Q

Taenia saginata habitat

A

SI, jejunum

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16
Q

Taenia saginata cause

A

taeniosis

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17
Q

Taenia saginata transmission

A

eating raw or undercooked meat containing cysticercus bovis.

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18
Q

Taenia saginata infective stage

A

Cysticercus bovis (larval stages)

19
Q

Taenia saginata + Taenia solium difference

A

gravid proglottid:
saginata: more than 12 uterine branches on each side
Solium: less than 12 uterine branches on each side

Scolex:
saginata: 4 suckers
Solium: 4 suckers, rostellum w/ 2 rows of hooks

20
Q

What is Taenia solium known as?

A

pork tenia

21
Q

Taenia solium cause

A

taeniosis,

cysticerci causes cysticerosis= in brain auto-infection

22
Q

Taenia solium habitat

A

SI

23
Q

Taenia solium morphology

A

3-4m, dorsoventrally flattened
scolex: 4 round suckers + rostellum w/ 2 rows of hook
neck: narrow, unsegmented
body: segmented, (I,M,G), mature proglottids ovary is 3 lobed.
gravid proglottids= less than 12 uterine branch on each side

24
Q

Taenia solium host

A 
def host: Humans
inter host: pigs
25
Q

Taenia solium infective form

A

cysticercus

26
Q

Taenia solium transmission

A

Eating raw/undercooked meat containing cysticerci (cyst)

27
Q

Taenia solium transmission

A
  • Eating raw/undercooked meat containing cysticerci (cyst)
  • auto infection- patient already has taeniosis. vomiting=brings gravid proglottids to stomach eggs and oncosphere released
28
Q

What is oncosphere?

A

6 hooked larval stage– attach + penetrate intestinal wall

29
Q

what is Hymenolepis nana known as?

A

dwarf tape worm, Taenia nana

30
Q

Hymenolepis nana cause

A

hymenolepasis

31
Q

Hymenolepis nana transmission

A

Ingestion of F/W contaminated with eggs

Internal water infection – egg is released in intestine hatch there
External autoinfection – person ingests own eggs by fecal-oral route

32
Q

Hymenolepis nana morphology

A

especially in children
40 mm
> Scolex= 4 suckers and retractile rostellum w/single row of hooklets
> neck= long slender
> uterus= lobulated walls, 3 rounds testes

33
Q

Hymenolepis nana infective form

A

embryonate eggs

34
Q

Hymenolepis nana infective form

A

embryonated eggs

35
Q

Hymenolepis nana life cycle

A
  1. eggs passed w/ feces
  2. eggs ingested by Beetles
  3. Eggs —>cysticercoids. when ingested rodents/ humans=infected
  4. oncospheres hatch+develop into cysticercoids on intestinal walls. scolex forms, adult resides in ileum, SI.
  5. gravid proglottids release eggs which is passed in stool. gravid can also disintegrate releasing eggs.
  6. autoinfetion can occur if eggs remain in intestines. eggs releases embryo which penetrates the Vilius continuing the cycle.
    also, embryo. eggs ingested by humans from contaminated f/w=autoinfection
36
Q

Echinococcus granulosus habitat

A

jejunum+ duodenum of dogs

37
Q

why is Echinococcus granulosus most dangerous?

A

Can be infected by inhalation of parasite.

38
Q

what is Echinococcus granulosus known as?

A

dog tapeworm, hydatid tapeworm

39
Q

Echinococcus granulosus transmission

A

Ingesting F/W contaminated w/ dog feces, through direct contact with infected dog, can be inhaled
herbivores infected by ingesting eggs

40
Q

Echinococcus granulosus cause

A

cystic echinococcosis= hyatid disease

enlarging cysts in organs

41
Q

Echinococcus granulosus host

A 
def host: dogs
inter host: herbivores animals (sheep, cattle)
42
Q

Echinococcus granulosus morphology

A

3–5 mm
>Scolex: pear-shaped w/ 4 suckers+ rostellum w/ 2 rows of hooks
>Neck = short
>Strobila = 3 proglottids (I,M,G)

eggs= ovoid, brown , 3 pairs of hooklets

43
Q

Echinococcus granulosus infective form

A

eggs

44
Q

Echinococcus granulosus life cycle

A
  1. mbryonated eggs shed with feces
  2. eggs ingested by herbivore,eggs hatch in SI—> oncosphere(6hooked larva). this penetrates intestinal wall,uses bloodstream to reach lungs and liver.
  3. in organs, oncosphere developes into hydatid cyst(thick wall)(enlarges)—>protoscolex+ daugher cysts.
  4. dogs become infected after ingesting cyst.
  5. after ingestion scolex attatches to intestine.+ develop into adult stages.

Biology- parasites (8 decks)

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