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Anatomy > W8 Heart + Lungs > Flashcards

W8 Heart + Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

which pump and what type of blood is for the lungs

A

right pump + deoxygenated blood from body

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2
Q

which pump and what type of blood is for the rest of the body

A

left pump + oxygenated from lungs

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3
Q

what is the mediastinum

A

space between 2 pleural cavities

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4
Q

where does the heart lie

A

middle mediastinum

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5
Q

where does the superior mediastinum end

A

thoracic aperture

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6
Q

where does the inferior mediastinum end

A

diagphram

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7
Q

what does the superior mediastinum contain

A

thymus
trachea
oesophagus
aortic arch

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8
Q

what are the 3 compartment of the inferior mediastinum

A

anterior
middle
posterior

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9
Q

what’s in the anterior compartment of inferior mediastinum

A

thymus

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10
Q

what’s in the middle compartment of inferior mediastinum

A

heart

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11
Q

what’s in the posterior compartment of inferior mediastinum

A

thoracic duct
lymph glands
descending aorta

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12
Q

which artery supply blood to lungs

A

pulmonary

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13
Q

which vessel pumps blood into the heart from the body

A

superior/inferior vena cava

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14
Q

which valve is on the right side of the heart

A

tricuspid valve

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15
Q

what is the pulmonary valve known as

A

semi-lunar valves

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16
Q

which valve does LV to aorta travel through

A

aortic valve

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17
Q

which vein pumps blood into the heart from the body

A

pulmonary vein

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18
Q

which valve is on the left side of the heart

A

mitral valve (bicuspid)

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19
Q

which arteries/veins supply the heart

A

coronary

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20
Q

where are the origins of the coronary arteries

A

bulb of aorta behind aortic sinus

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21
Q

what’s the role of the coronary sinus

A

collect deoxygenated blood from myocardium to the right atrium

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22
Q

what is the anatomical name for a heart attack

A

myocardial infarction

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23
Q

how does a heart attack happen

A

blockage coronary artery stops blood to myocardium

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24
Q

what is the myocardium

A

muscle area of heart walls for contraction

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25
Q

what is the pericardium

A

double layered sac that protects the heart

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26
Q

what is the fibrous pericardium layer for

A

anchors heart in place

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27
Q

what is the serious pericardium layer for

A

visceral layer on the surface of the heart for protection

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28
Q

what is cardiac tamponade

A

build-up of liquid in pericardium leads to pressure on the heart so less blood + O2 to tissues

29
Q

which vessel carries blood to body

A

aorta

30
Q

what is the 2 functions of the auricles

A

area of contractile force
expand for space in heart

31
Q

which muscles are found in the left atrium

A

pectinate muscles

32
Q

which muscles are found in the right + left ventricle

A

papillary muscles

33
Q

what are cardiomyopathies

A

thickening of ventricular walls

34
Q

what are the 2 functions of the trabeculae carneae

A

prevents walls of ventricles closing
promotes smooth laminar flow of blood into ventricles

35
Q

where are the 4 fibrous rings in the heart found

A

around each valve

36
Q

which type of valve has papillary and chordae tendineae

A

atrioventricular valves

37
Q

where are SL valves found

A

aorta and pulmonary trunk

38
Q

where is the upper right of the heart found

A

3rd costal cartilage

39
Q

where is the lower right of the heart found

A

6th costal cartilage

40
Q

where is the upper left of the heart found

A

2nd costal cartilage

41
Q

where is the lower left of the heart found

A

5th intercostal space

42
Q

what is responsible for the electrical conduction of the heart

A

sinoatrial node (SA)

43
Q

what does the bundle of His connect

A

atria and ventricles

44
Q

what do AV bundle branches do

A

conduct impluses

45
Q

how is the contraction of ventricles stimulated

A

purkinje fibres start from apex of the heart and impulse moves superiorly

46
Q

what does the cardiac plexus contain

A

parasympathetic nerve from vagus nerve
sympathetic nerve from sympathetic trunk
general visceral afferents (GVA)

47
Q

which level of the spine are the sympathetic nerve of the heart found

A

T1-T5

48
Q

what does the PSNS control in the heart

A

AV nodes and Purkinje fibres

49
Q

which NS controls most of the myocardium

A

SNS

50
Q

how is pain experienced in the body

A

somatic afferents enter spinal cord and send signals to the brain

51
Q

what are the 3 parts of the thorax

A

thoracic rib cage
thoracic wall
thoracic cavity

52
Q

which nerves are found in the thoracic cavity

A

vagus nerve

53
Q

where are the intercostal muscles found

A

intercostal spaces between ribs arranged in 3 layers

54
Q

which vertebrae level is the IVC found

A

T8

55
Q

which vertebrae level is the oesophagus found

A

T10

56
Q

which vertebrae level is the aorta found

A

T12

57
Q

what is the pleura

A

membrane that lines the lungs and thoracic cavity

58
Q

which vertebrae level is the parietal pleura found

A

T2-T12

59
Q

what is special about the visceral pleura

A

not sensitive to pain

60
Q

what is pneumothorax of the lungs

A

collection of air or gas in the pleural space

61
Q

what is collapsing of the lung called

A

atelectasis

62
Q

which vertebrae level is the carina of the trachea found

A

T4/5

63
Q

how long is the trachea normally

A

10-16 cm

64
Q

what is Lamina propria

A

a thin layer of connective tissue that forms part of the moist linings

65
Q

what is the role of apocrine/merocrine

A

secretion of mucus

66
Q

what is the main symptom of pneumonia

A

pus filling air sacs in alveoli

67
Q

what’s the main source of Innervation for the lungs

A

vagus nerve for the parasympathetic nerves

68
Q

which nerves control the diaphragm

A

phrenic nerve

69
Q

which levels are the phrenic nerve found

A

C3-C5

Anatomy (11 decks)

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