W8 Heart + Lungs

Question 1

which pump and what type of blood is for the lungs

Answer 1

right pump + deoxygenated blood from body

Question 2

which pump and what type of blood is for the rest of the body

Answer 2

left pump + oxygenated from lungs

Question 3

what is the mediastinum

Answer 3

space between 2 pleural cavities

Question 4

where does the heart lie

Answer 4

middle mediastinum

Question 5

where does the superior mediastinum end

Answer 5

thoracic aperture

Question 6

where does the inferior mediastinum end

Answer 6

diagphram

Question 7

what does the superior mediastinum contain

Answer 7

thymus
trachea
oesophagus
aortic arch

Question 8

what are the 3 compartment of the inferior mediastinum

Answer 8

anterior
middle
posterior

Question 9

what’s in the anterior compartment of inferior mediastinum

Answer 9

thymus

Question 10

what’s in the middle compartment of inferior mediastinum

Answer 10

heart

Question 11

what’s in the posterior compartment of inferior mediastinum

Answer 11

thoracic duct
lymph glands
descending aorta

Question 12

which artery supply blood to lungs

Answer 12

pulmonary

Question 13

which vessel pumps blood into the heart from the body

Answer 13

superior/inferior vena cava

Question 14

which valve is on the right side of the heart

Answer 14

tricuspid valve

Question 15

what is the pulmonary valve known as

Answer 15

semi-lunar valves

Question 16

which valve does LV to aorta travel through

Answer 16

aortic valve

Question 17

which vein pumps blood into the heart from the body

Answer 17

pulmonary vein

Question 18

which valve is on the left side of the heart

Answer 18

mitral valve (bicuspid)

Question 19

which arteries/veins supply the heart

Answer 19

coronary

Question 20

where are the origins of the coronary arteries

Answer 20

bulb of aorta behind aortic sinus

Question 21

what’s the role of the coronary sinus

Answer 21

collect deoxygenated blood from myocardium to the right atrium

Question 22

what is the anatomical name for a heart attack

Answer 22

myocardial infarction

Question 23

how does a heart attack happen

Answer 23

blockage coronary artery stops blood to myocardium

Question 24

what is the myocardium

Answer 24

muscle area of heart walls for contraction

Question 25

what is the pericardium

Answer 25

double layered sac that protects the heart

Question 26

what is the fibrous pericardium layer for

Answer 26

anchors heart in place

Question 27

what is the serious pericardium layer for

Answer 27

visceral layer on the surface of the heart for protection

Question 28

what is cardiac tamponade

Answer 28

build-up of liquid in pericardium leads to pressure on the heart so less blood + O2 to tissues

Question 29

which vessel carries blood to body

Answer 29

aorta

Question 30

what is the 2 functions of the auricles

Answer 30

area of contractile force expand for space in heart

Question 31

which muscles are found in the left atrium

Answer 31

pectinate muscles

Question 32

which muscles are found in the right + left ventricle

Answer 32

papillary muscles

Question 33

what are cardiomyopathies

Answer 33

thickening of ventricular walls

Question 34

what are the 2 functions of the trabeculae carneae

Answer 34

prevents walls of ventricles closing promotes smooth laminar flow of blood into ventricles

Question 35

where are the 4 fibrous rings in the heart found

Answer 35

around each valve

Question 36

which type of valve has papillary and chordae tendineae

Answer 36

atrioventricular valves

Question 37

where are SL valves found

Answer 37

aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 38

where is the upper right of the heart found

Answer 38

3rd costal cartilage

Question 39

where is the lower right of the heart found

Answer 39

6th costal cartilage

Question 40

where is the upper left of the heart found

Answer 40

2nd costal cartilage

Question 41

where is the lower left of the heart found

Answer 41

5th intercostal space

Question 42

what is responsible for the electrical conduction of the heart

Answer 42

sinoatrial node (SA)

Question 43

what does the bundle of His connect

Answer 43

atria and ventricles

Question 44

what do AV bundle branches do

Answer 44

conduct impluses

Question 45

how is the contraction of ventricles stimulated

Answer 45

purkinje fibres start from apex of the heart and impulse moves superiorly

Question 46

what does the cardiac plexus contain

Answer 46

parasympathetic nerve from vagus nerve sympathetic nerve from sympathetic trunk general visceral afferents (GVA)

Question 47

which level of the spine are the sympathetic nerve of the heart found

Answer 47

T1-T5

Question 48

what does the PSNS control in the heart

Answer 48

AV nodes and Purkinje fibres

Question 49

which NS controls most of the myocardium

Answer 49

SNS

Question 50

how is pain experienced in the body

Answer 50

somatic afferents enter spinal cord and send signals to the brain

Question 51

what are the 3 parts of the thorax

Answer 51

thoracic rib cage thoracic wall thoracic cavity

Question 52

which nerves are found in the thoracic cavity

Answer 52

vagus nerve

Question 53

where are the intercostal muscles found

Answer 53

intercostal spaces between ribs arranged in 3 layers

Question 54

which vertebrae level is the IVC found

Answer 54

T8

Question 55

which vertebrae level is the oesophagus found

Answer 55

T10

Question 56

which vertebrae level is the aorta found

Answer 56

T12

Question 57

what is the pleura

Answer 57

membrane that lines the lungs and thoracic cavity

Question 58

which vertebrae level is the parietal pleura found

Answer 58

T2-T12

Question 59

what is special about the visceral pleura

Answer 59

not sensitive to pain

Question 60

what is pneumothorax of the lungs

Answer 60

collection of air or gas in the pleural space

Question 61

what is collapsing of the lung called

Answer 61

atelectasis

Question 62

which vertebrae level is the carina of the trachea found

Answer 62

T4/5

Question 63

how long is the trachea normally

Answer 63

10-16 cm

Question 64

what is Lamina propria

Answer 64

a thin layer of connective tissue that forms part of the moist linings

Question 65

what is the role of apocrine/merocrine

Answer 65

secretion of mucus

Question 66

what is the main symptom of pneumonia

Answer 66

pus filling air sacs in alveoli

Question 67

what's the main source of Innervation for the lungs

Answer 67

vagus nerve for the parasympathetic nerves

Question 68

which nerves control the diaphragm

Answer 68

phrenic nerve

Question 69

which levels are the phrenic nerve found

Answer 69

C3-C5