W10 Peritoneum + Endocrine organs

Question 1

what is the peritoneum

Answer 1

serious membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

Question 2

what are most intra-abdominal organs covered with

Answer 2

layer of mesothelium

Question 3

what’s the function of peritoneum

Answer 3

support organs of abdomen
conduit for nerves, blood vessels, lympathatics

Question 4

what does the peritoneal fluid contain

Answer 4

leukocytes and antibodies

Question 5

where are lymphatic vessels found on the peritoneum

Answer 5

inferior surface of active diaphragm

Question 6

what’s the function of lymphatic vessels found on the peritoneum

Answer 6

absorb peritoneal fluid

Question 7

what are mesentery in the peritoneal folds for

Answer 7

support

Question 8

what does intraperitoneal mean

Answer 8

within the peritoneal cavity

Question 9

what is retroperitoneal

Answer 9

behind the peritoneal cavity

Question 10

what are the 3 parts of the gut tube

Answer 10

foregut
midgut
hindgut

Question 11

whats in the foregut

Answer 11

stomach
1st part of duodenum
liver
pancreas
spleen

Question 12

whats in the midgut

Answer 12

caudal duodenum
small and large intestine

Question 13

whats in the hindgut

Answer 13

sigmoid colon
rectum
upper anal canal

Question 14

which artery passes through the foregut

Answer 14

coeliac trunk

Question 15

which artery passes through the midgut

Answer 15

superior mesenteric artery

Question 16

which artery passes through the hindgut

Answer 16

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 17

what are the main folds of the peritoneum

Answer 17

greater/lesser omentum
transverse mesocolon
mesentery of small intestine

Question 18

whats the role of the greater omentum

Answer 18

fat deposition
limit spread of intraperitoneal infections

Question 19

what is used to reconstruct the thoracic wall

Answer 19

omental flap in greater omentum

Question 20

whats the role of the lesser omentum

Answer 20

connects stomach with liver and 1st part of duodenum

Question 21

what is Omphalocele condition

Answer 21

failure of umbilical ring fusion causing no midgut

Question 22

whats the role of Falciform ligament

Answer 22

anchors liver to abdominal wall

Question 23

what do Gastroepiploic arteries supply

Answer 23

stomach and upper omentum

Question 24

where is the upper omentum located

Answer 24

from stomach to transverse colon

Question 25

where is the transverse mesocolon located

Answer 25

transverse colon to posterior body wall

Question 26

where is the mesentery located

Answer 26

small intestine to posterior body wall

Question 27

what are the 2 possible subdivision of the peritoneal cavity

Answer 27

subphrenic and subhepatic

Question 28

what's the role of the transverse mesocolon

Answer 28

supply transverse colon with blood vessels divide into supracolic + infracolic compartments

Question 29

what are mostly found in the retroperitoneal

Answer 29

pancreas and distal parts of duodenum

Question 30

what type of gland are endocrine glands

Answer 30

ductless glands

Question 31

what does it mean when a gland is ductless

Answer 31

secretes directly into bloodstream

Question 32

what are the 4 endocrine glands

Answer 32

hypothalamus pituitary thyroid pancreas

Question 33

where is the pituitary gland found

Answer 33

pituitary fossa of sphenoid bone

Question 34

what do the two types of ectoderm of pituitary

Answer 34

neuroectoderm oropharynx ectoderm

Question 35

whats the posterior lobe of pituitary gland for

Answer 35

release site for hormones produced by the hypothalamus

Question 36

what does the anterior lobe do

Answer 36

produces hormones

Question 37

how is the anterior lobe regulated

Answer 37

neurosecretions from hypothalamus

Question 38

how neurosecretions from hypothalamus travel

Answer 38

through primary capillary network

Question 39

what are the cell classification stains

Answer 39

Bas Ac

Question 40

how is the pituitary gland supplied blood

Answer 40

via superior/inferior hypophyseal arteries

Question 41

how is blood drained from the pituitary gland

Answer 41

cavernous sinus

Question 42

how is pituitary tumour treated

Answer 42

transsphenoidal hypophysectomy

Question 43

where is the thyroid gland located

Answer 43

the neck

Question 44

what are the 2 lobes of the thyroid glands connected by

Answer 44

isthmus

Question 45

what is the thyroid gland surrounded by

Answer 45

fibrous capsule

Question 46

what's the role of the thyroid gland

Answer 46

calcium homeostasis metabolism regulation

Question 47

how is the thyroid supplied and drained

Answer 47

- superior/inferior thyroid artery supplies - drain into the internal jugular vein or brachiocephalic veins

Question 48

what do the follicle cells of the thyroid do

Answer 48

produce Tg

Question 49

what are the role of the C cells in the thyroid

Answer 49

produce calcitonim

Question 50

where do some small parathyroid glands lie

Answer 50

on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland

Question 51

what's the function of parathyroid glands

Answer 51

secrete PTH for calcium homeostasis

Question 52

what is the endocrine function of pancreas

Answer 52

regulate blood sugar levels

Question 53

how does the pancreas act as a exocrine gland

Answer 53

secrete pancreatic juice into duodenum

Question 54

why is pancreatic juice secreted into duodenum

Answer 54

the bicarbonate will neutralise acid

Question 55

which pancreas islets of Langerhans found in

Answer 55

endocrine pancreas

Question 56

which pancreas are lobules found in

Answer 56

exocrine pancreas

Question 57

what are exocrine pancreases lobules separated by

Answer 57

septa connective tissue

Question 58

what are islets of Langerhans made of

Answer 58

glucagon insulin somatostatin

Question 59

how are pancreatic secretions from endocrine pancreas drained

Answer 59

from splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein to vena cava

Question 60

how is the exocrine pancreas drained

Answer 60

through the pancreatic ducts

Question 61

which vessels supply the pancreas

Answer 61

coeliac trunk

Question 62

what are the parts of the adrenal glands

Answer 62

cortex + medulla

Question 63

what do Mineralocorticoids do

Answer 63

regulate blood pressure and electrolytes

Question 64

what do glucocorticoids cortisol and cortisone do

Answer 64

regulate metabolism

Question 65

what do androgens do

Answer 65

convert sex hormones

Question 66

what are Catecholamines for

Answer 66

rapid response in stress

Question 67

how are the adrenal glands drained and supplied

Answer 67

supply = aorta + inferior phrenic artery + renal arteries drain = suprarenal vein to IVC + renal vein