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Anatomy > W10 Peritoneum + Endocrine organs > Flashcards

W10 Peritoneum + Endocrine organs Flashcards

1
Q

what is the peritoneum

A

serious membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

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2
Q

what are most intra-abdominal organs covered with

A

layer of mesothelium

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3
Q

what’s the function of peritoneum

A

support organs of abdomen
conduit for nerves, blood vessels, lympathatics

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4
Q

what does the peritoneal fluid contain

A

leukocytes and antibodies

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5
Q

where are lymphatic vessels found on the peritoneum

A

inferior surface of active diaphragm

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6
Q

what’s the function of lymphatic vessels found on the peritoneum

A

absorb peritoneal fluid

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7
Q

what are mesentery in the peritoneal folds for

A

support

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8
Q

what does intraperitoneal mean

A

within the peritoneal cavity

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9
Q

what is retroperitoneal

A

behind the peritoneal cavity

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10
Q

what are the 3 parts of the gut tube

A

foregut
midgut
hindgut

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11
Q

whats in the foregut

A

stomach
1st part of duodenum
liver
pancreas
spleen

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12
Q

whats in the midgut

A

caudal duodenum
small and large intestine

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13
Q

whats in the hindgut

A

sigmoid colon
rectum
upper anal canal

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14
Q

which artery passes through the foregut

A

coeliac trunk

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15
Q

which artery passes through the midgut

A

superior mesenteric artery

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16
Q

which artery passes through the hindgut

A

inferior mesenteric artery

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17
Q

what are the main folds of the peritoneum

A

greater/lesser omentum
transverse mesocolon
mesentery of small intestine

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18
Q

whats the role of the greater omentum

A

fat deposition
limit spread of intraperitoneal infections

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19
Q

what is used to reconstruct the thoracic wall

A

omental flap in greater omentum

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20
Q

whats the role of the lesser omentum

A

connects stomach with liver and 1st part of duodenum

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21
Q

what is Omphalocele condition

A

failure of umbilical ring fusion causing no midgut

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22
Q

whats the role of Falciform ligament

A

anchors liver to abdominal wall

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23
Q

what do Gastroepiploic arteries supply

A

stomach and upper omentum

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24
Q

where is the upper omentum located

A

from stomach to transverse colon

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25
Q

where is the transverse mesocolon located

A

transverse colon to posterior body wall

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26
Q

where is the mesentery located

A

small intestine to posterior body wall

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27
Q

what are the 2 possible subdivision of the peritoneal cavity

A

subphrenic and subhepatic

28
Q

what’s the role of the transverse mesocolon

A

supply transverse colon with blood vessels
divide into supracolic + infracolic compartments

29
Q

what are mostly found in the retroperitoneal

A

pancreas and distal parts of duodenum

30
Q

what type of gland are endocrine glands

A

ductless glands

31
Q

what does it mean when a gland is ductless

A

secretes directly into bloodstream

32
Q

what are the 4 endocrine glands

A

hypothalamus
pituitary
thyroid
pancreas

33
Q

where is the pituitary gland found

A

pituitary fossa of sphenoid bone

34
Q

what do the two types of ectoderm of pituitary

A

neuroectoderm
oropharynx ectoderm

35
Q

whats the posterior lobe of pituitary gland for

A

release site for hormones produced by the hypothalamus

36
Q

what does the anterior lobe do

A

produces hormones

37
Q

how is the anterior lobe regulated

A

neurosecretions from hypothalamus

38
Q

how neurosecretions from hypothalamus travel

A

through primary capillary network

39
Q

what are the cell classification stains

A

Bas
Ac

40
Q

how is the pituitary gland supplied blood

A

via superior/inferior hypophyseal arteries

41
Q

how is blood drained from the pituitary gland

A

cavernous sinus

42
Q

how is pituitary tumour treated

A

transsphenoidal hypophysectomy

43
Q

where is the thyroid gland located

A

the neck

44
Q

what are the 2 lobes of the thyroid glands connected by

A

isthmus

45
Q

what is the thyroid gland surrounded by

A

fibrous capsule

46
Q

what’s the role of the thyroid gland

A

calcium homeostasis
metabolism regulation

47
Q

how is the thyroid supplied and drained

A
  • superior/inferior thyroid artery supplies
  • drain into the internal jugular vein or brachiocephalic veins
48
Q

what do the follicle cells of the thyroid do

A

produce Tg

49
Q

what are the role of the C cells in the thyroid

A

produce calcitonim

50
Q

where do some small parathyroid glands lie

A

on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland

51
Q

what’s the function of parathyroid glands

A

secrete PTH for calcium homeostasis

52
Q

what is the endocrine function of pancreas

A

regulate blood sugar levels

53
Q

how does the pancreas act as a exocrine gland

A

secrete pancreatic juice into duodenum

54
Q

why is pancreatic juice secreted into duodenum

A

the bicarbonate will neutralise acid

55
Q

which pancreas islets of Langerhans found in

A

endocrine pancreas

56
Q

which pancreas are lobules found in

A

exocrine pancreas

57
Q

what are exocrine pancreases lobules separated by

A

septa connective tissue

58
Q

what are islets of Langerhans made of

A

glucagon
insulin
somatostatin

59
Q

how are pancreatic secretions from endocrine pancreas drained

A

from splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein to vena cava

60
Q

how is the exocrine pancreas drained

A

through the pancreatic ducts

61
Q

which vessels supply the pancreas

A

coeliac trunk

62
Q

what are the parts of the adrenal glands

A

cortex + medulla

63
Q

what do Mineralocorticoids do

A

regulate blood pressure and electrolytes

64
Q

what do glucocorticoids cortisol and cortisone do

A

regulate metabolism

65
Q

what do androgens do

A

convert sex hormones

66
Q

what are Catecholamines for

A

rapid response in stress

67
Q

how are the adrenal glands drained and supplied

A

supply = aorta + inferior phrenic artery + renal arteries
drain = suprarenal vein to IVC + renal vein

Anatomy (11 decks)

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