W10 Peritoneum + Endocrine organs Flashcards
what is the peritoneum
serious membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
what are most intra-abdominal organs covered with
layer of mesothelium
what’s the function of peritoneum
support organs of abdomen
conduit for nerves, blood vessels, lympathatics
what does the peritoneal fluid contain
leukocytes and antibodies
where are lymphatic vessels found on the peritoneum
inferior surface of active diaphragm
what’s the function of lymphatic vessels found on the peritoneum
absorb peritoneal fluid
what are mesentery in the peritoneal folds for
support
what does intraperitoneal mean
within the peritoneal cavity
what is retroperitoneal
behind the peritoneal cavity
what are the 3 parts of the gut tube
foregut
midgut
hindgut
whats in the foregut
stomach
1st part of duodenum
liver
pancreas
spleen
whats in the midgut
caudal duodenum
small and large intestine
whats in the hindgut
sigmoid colon
rectum
upper anal canal
which artery passes through the foregut
coeliac trunk
which artery passes through the midgut
superior mesenteric artery
which artery passes through the hindgut
inferior mesenteric artery
what are the main folds of the peritoneum
greater/lesser omentum
transverse mesocolon
mesentery of small intestine
whats the role of the greater omentum
fat deposition
limit spread of intraperitoneal infections
what is used to reconstruct the thoracic wall
omental flap in greater omentum
whats the role of the lesser omentum
connects stomach with liver and 1st part of duodenum
what is Omphalocele condition
failure of umbilical ring fusion causing no midgut
whats the role of Falciform ligament
anchors liver to abdominal wall
what do Gastroepiploic arteries supply
stomach and upper omentum
where is the upper omentum located
from stomach to transverse colon
where is the transverse mesocolon located
transverse colon to posterior body wall
where is the mesentery located
small intestine to posterior body wall
what are the 2 possible subdivision of the peritoneal cavity
subphrenic and subhepatic
what’s the role of the transverse mesocolon
supply transverse colon with blood vessels
divide into supracolic + infracolic compartments
what are mostly found in the retroperitoneal
pancreas and distal parts of duodenum
what type of gland are endocrine glands
ductless glands
what does it mean when a gland is ductless
secretes directly into bloodstream
what are the 4 endocrine glands
hypothalamus
pituitary
thyroid
pancreas
where is the pituitary gland found
pituitary fossa of sphenoid bone
what do the two types of ectoderm of pituitary
neuroectoderm
oropharynx ectoderm
whats the posterior lobe of pituitary gland for
release site for hormones produced by the hypothalamus
what does the anterior lobe do
produces hormones
how is the anterior lobe regulated
neurosecretions from hypothalamus
how neurosecretions from hypothalamus travel
through primary capillary network
what are the cell classification stains
Bas
Ac
how is the pituitary gland supplied blood
via superior/inferior hypophyseal arteries
how is blood drained from the pituitary gland
cavernous sinus
how is pituitary tumour treated
transsphenoidal hypophysectomy
where is the thyroid gland located
the neck
what are the 2 lobes of the thyroid glands connected by
isthmus
what is the thyroid gland surrounded by
fibrous capsule
what’s the role of the thyroid gland
calcium homeostasis
metabolism regulation
how is the thyroid supplied and drained
- superior/inferior thyroid artery supplies
- drain into the internal jugular vein or brachiocephalic veins
what do the follicle cells of the thyroid do
produce Tg
what are the role of the C cells in the thyroid
produce calcitonim
where do some small parathyroid glands lie
on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
what’s the function of parathyroid glands
secrete PTH for calcium homeostasis
what is the endocrine function of pancreas
regulate blood sugar levels
how does the pancreas act as a exocrine gland
secrete pancreatic juice into duodenum
why is pancreatic juice secreted into duodenum
the bicarbonate will neutralise acid
which pancreas islets of Langerhans found in
endocrine pancreas
which pancreas are lobules found in
exocrine pancreas
what are exocrine pancreases lobules separated by
septa connective tissue
what are islets of Langerhans made of
glucagon
insulin
somatostatin
how are pancreatic secretions from endocrine pancreas drained
from splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein to vena cava
how is the exocrine pancreas drained
through the pancreatic ducts
which vessels supply the pancreas
coeliac trunk
what are the parts of the adrenal glands
cortex + medulla
what do Mineralocorticoids do
regulate blood pressure and electrolytes
what do glucocorticoids cortisol and cortisone do
regulate metabolism
what do androgens do
convert sex hormones
what are Catecholamines for
rapid response in stress
how are the adrenal glands drained and supplied
supply = aorta + inferior phrenic artery + renal arteries
drain = suprarenal vein to IVC + renal vein
