W2 Skeletal Structure Flashcards
what is the axial skeleton
long axis
what is the long axis made up of
skull
vertebral column
rib cage
what is the appendicular skeleton
limbs and girdle
what is the girdles
bones that connect limbs to axial skeleton
what are the 5 main functions of the skeleton
protection
shape
blood production
calcium storage
movement
how many bones is the skull made of
22
how many vertebrae are in the vertebral column
33
how many cervical bones are there
7
how many thoracic bones are there
12
how many lumbar bones are there
5
how many sacral bones are there
5
how many bones form the coccyx
4
what is lordosis
cervical and lumbar back curves
what is kyphosis
2 backward curves in thoracic and sacral regions
when do primary curves occur
foetal development
when do secondary curves occur
infancy
what is scoliosis
lateral deformation of the spine
who are more likely to get scoliosis
pubertal girls
what are 4 symptoms of scoliosis
uneven shoulders
uneven waist
1 hip higher than another
1 side of rib cage jutting forwards
what is a treatment of scoliosis
physiotherapy or bracing
what happen to thoracic vertebrae from superior to inferior direction
increase in size
what is the largest vertebrae in humans
lumbar
what is the function of lumbar vertebrae
support weight of upper body
what is the coccyx made of
5 fused sacral and 1 coccygeal
what is spina bifida
when the lower part of vertebrae doesn’t fuse
what is the issue with spina bifida
causes a gap in vertebrae column
what is the role of intervertebral discs
attach adjacent vertebral bodies and act as shock absorbers
what the 2 things intervertebral discs are made of
annulus fibrous
nucleus pulposus
what is the thoracic cage made of
12 thoracic vertebrae
12 pairs of ribs
sternum
which ribs are true ribs
1-7
which ribs are false ribs
8-10
which ribs are floating ribs
11-12
what is the clavicle
collar bone that articulates with sternum
which human joint is the most mobile
shoulder joint
what is the humerus
long bone in the arm
what is the anatomical name of the shoulder
glenoid humeral joint
what is the radius bone
lateral bone of forearm
what is the ulna bone
medial bone of forearm
what is the capitulum
knob on humerus that articulates with radius bone
how many carpal bones in the hand
8
how many metacarpal bones in the hand
5
how many phalanges bones in the hand
14
what are all the carpal bones called
scaphoid
lunate
triquetral
pisiform
trapezoid
trapezium
capitate
hamate
what is the mnemonic for carpal bones
she looks too pretty try to catch her
when pubic ramus forms a loop in the pelvic girdle what is that called
obturator foramen
what is the role of the pelvic girdle
connects spine to lower half of body
what is the femur
the long bone in the leg
where does the hip joint articulate
between femoral head and acetabulum
what is the acetabulum
cup socket found on the pelvic girdle
why is the hip so stable
- due to strong articular capsule
- powerful muscles around joint
what is the largest joint in the body
the knee
how many articulations in the knee
3
what are the 3 articulations in the knee
- lateral + medial condyles
- patella and femur
what is the tibia bone
medial bone in the leg
what is the fibula bone
lateral bone in the leg
what is a joint
point of contact between 2 bones
if a joint is movable then its described as
synovial
if a joint is immovable then the 2 types are
- fibrous
- cartilaginous
how many tarsals bones in feet
7
how many metatarsals bones in feet
5
how many phalanges bones in feet
14
what are the 3 types of muscles
skeletal
cardiac
smooth
what is an agonist
prime mover
what is a synergist
helps with movement actions
what is an antagonist
opposite movement to prime mover
what are facial compartments
thin casing of connective tissues around all organs
how many compartments in upper limb
2
what is the scapula
the shoulder blade
what is the patella
the knee cap
what are the 3 components of the knee
patella
tibia
femur
what is the clavicle
collar bone
what does the clavicle articulate with
sternum and scapula
