W11 Urogenital System Flashcards
what is the urinary system made of
kidneys
ureters
bladder
urethra
which 2 organs are retroperitoneal
kidneys
ureters
which 2 organs are sub-peritoneal
bladder
urethra
which organ of the urinary system is most distal
urethra
what are the functions of the kidney
filter blood
maintain salt + H20 balance
what is the function of the ureters
move urine to bladder
what is the function of the bladder
stores urine
what is the function of the urethra
move urine in bladder out
how much cardiac output does the kidney receive
22%
what is the renal sinus
space inside the kidney
what is the renal hilum
opening into renal sinus
what type of blood is in the renal artery
blood with waste
what type of blood is in the renal vein
blood without waste
what is the supero-inferior position of the right and left kidneys
right = T12-L4
left = T11- L3
what are the kidneys deep to
11th and 12th ribs
what are the 4 layers are kidneys covered by
renal capsule
perinephric fat
renal fascia
paranephric fat
what are the arterial supply to kidneys
from renal arteries that branched from abdominal aorta
how are the 2 sides of the kidneys drained
RS = out through renal veins into the IVC
LS = inferior phrenic vein + adrenal vein into renal vein
where do kidney transplants get placed normally
iliac fossa
where are the sympathetic nerves of the kidneys
T10-L1
what controls the parasympathetic nerves of the kidneys
vagus nerve
where are the ureters located
renal pelvis to bladder
on the psoas major muscle
where to the ureters run on the pectoral girdle
lateral wings of the sacrum
where can the arterial supply to ureters come from
renal arteries
gonadal
abdominal aorta
common/internal iliac artery
how are ureters drained superiorly/inferioly
sup = periureteric venous plexus
inf = gonadal veins
how is the innervation of the ureter described
visceral apin from renal calculus from T11-L2
what do renal and ureteric calculi lead to
sympathetic nerve pain to back and groin
where do stones normally form
in the 3 narrowing of ureter
what is renal colic
loin to groin pain
where does the bladder lie in male and females
posterior to public symphysis
F = anterior to vagina
M =inferior to prostate
how does the urethra leave
inferiorly
what are trigones in male bladders
smooth area between ureteral openings and urethra
only which direction can the urinary bladder go when expanding
superiorly
what is the urothelium
lines most of the urinary system
made of 3-5 cells with glycoprotein plaques
what are the specialised cells of urothelium tissue
umbrella cells
what are the 4 parts of the urethra
intramural
prostatic
membranous
penile
what is cystoscopy
used to see bladder cancers
what is catheterisation used for
draining the bladder
what does the sympathetic system do to control micturition
contract internal urethral sphincter
what does the parasympathetic system do to control micturition
contraction of detrusor muscle
relaxing of internal urethral sphincter
what do renal arteriograms do
scan for renal arteries
what do ovaries do
produce oocytes
how are ovaries connected to uterus
via ligament
what’s the job of the uterine tubes
transport eggs from ovaries to uterus
what are fimbriae in the uterine tube
projections which catch eggs
how is the uterine tube structured
thick walled and highly vascular
what is the vagina
muscular canal connecting uterus to vaginal opening
what are the corpora cavernosa jobs
engorge blood
what are the vestibular bulbs
long masses of erectile tissue
what is the female vulva
external genitalia
what is the ductus deferens
travels from testes to prostate to deposit sperm in prostatic urethra
what are the seminal vesciles
produce fluid for semen
what’s the prostate gland job
secretes fluid for 30% makeup of semen and prostatic acid
what is prostatomegaly
an enlarged prostate
what is BPH in the male prostate
enlargement due to increase number of cells in prostate
what does vas deferens do
transport spermatozoa from spermatic cord via prostate gland urethra and penis
how is the spermatic cord cooled down
counter current exchange
where does the right testicular vein drain
directly into the IVC
where does the left testicular vein drain
left renal vein
what is testicular varicocele
enlargement of pampiniform venous plexus in spermatic cord
what is Vaginoplasty
making a neovagina
what is Phalloplasty
making a neophallus
what happens during gender reassignment
neural structures are moved but preserved
