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Anatomy > W11 Urogenital System > Flashcards

W11 Urogenital System Flashcards

1
Q

what is the urinary system made of

A

kidneys
ureters
bladder
urethra

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2
Q

which 2 organs are retroperitoneal

A

kidneys
ureters

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3
Q

which 2 organs are sub-peritoneal

A

bladder
urethra

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4
Q

which organ of the urinary system is most distal

A

urethra

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5
Q

what are the functions of the kidney

A

filter blood
maintain salt + H20 balance

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6
Q

what is the function of the ureters

A

move urine to bladder

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7
Q

what is the function of the bladder

A

stores urine

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8
Q

what is the function of the urethra

A

move urine in bladder out

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9
Q

how much cardiac output does the kidney receive

A

22%

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10
Q

what is the renal sinus

A

space inside the kidney

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11
Q

what is the renal hilum

A

opening into renal sinus

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12
Q

what type of blood is in the renal artery

A

blood with waste

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13
Q

what type of blood is in the renal vein

A

blood without waste

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14
Q

what is the supero-inferior position of the right and left kidneys

A

right = T12-L4
left = T11- L3

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15
Q

what are the kidneys deep to

A

11th and 12th ribs

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16
Q

what are the 4 layers are kidneys covered by

A

renal capsule
perinephric fat
renal fascia
paranephric fat

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17
Q

what are the arterial supply to kidneys

A

from renal arteries that branched from abdominal aorta

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18
Q

how are the 2 sides of the kidneys drained

A

RS = out through renal veins into the IVC
LS = inferior phrenic vein + adrenal vein into renal vein

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19
Q

where do kidney transplants get placed normally

A

iliac fossa

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20
Q

where are the sympathetic nerves of the kidneys

A

T10-L1

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21
Q

what controls the parasympathetic nerves of the kidneys

A

vagus nerve

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22
Q

where are the ureters located

A

renal pelvis to bladder
on the psoas major muscle

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23
Q

where to the ureters run on the pectoral girdle

A

lateral wings of the sacrum

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24
Q

where can the arterial supply to ureters come from

A

renal arteries
gonadal
abdominal aorta
common/internal iliac artery

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25
Q

how are ureters drained superiorly/inferioly

A

sup = periureteric venous plexus
inf = gonadal veins

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26
Q

how is the innervation of the ureter described

A

visceral apin from renal calculus from T11-L2

27
Q

what do renal and ureteric calculi lead to

A

sympathetic nerve pain to back and groin

28
Q

where do stones normally form

A

in the 3 narrowing of ureter

29
Q

what is renal colic

A

loin to groin pain

30
Q

where does the bladder lie in male and females

A

posterior to public symphysis
F = anterior to vagina
M =inferior to prostate

31
Q

how does the urethra leave

A

inferiorly

32
Q

what are trigones in male bladders

A

smooth area between ureteral openings and urethra

33
Q

only which direction can the urinary bladder go when expanding

A

superiorly

34
Q

what is the urothelium

A

lines most of the urinary system
made of 3-5 cells with glycoprotein plaques

35
Q

what are the specialised cells of urothelium tissue

A

umbrella cells

36
Q

what are the 4 parts of the urethra

A

intramural
prostatic
membranous
penile

37
Q

what is cystoscopy

A

used to see bladder cancers

38
Q

what is catheterisation used for

A

draining the bladder

39
Q

what does the sympathetic system do to control micturition

A

contract internal urethral sphincter

40
Q

what does the parasympathetic system do to control micturition

A

contraction of detrusor muscle
relaxing of internal urethral sphincter

41
Q

what do renal arteriograms do

A

scan for renal arteries

42
Q

what do ovaries do

A

produce oocytes

43
Q

how are ovaries connected to uterus

A

via ligament

44
Q

what’s the job of the uterine tubes

A

transport eggs from ovaries to uterus

45
Q

what are fimbriae in the uterine tube

A

projections which catch eggs

46
Q

how is the uterine tube structured

A

thick walled and highly vascular

47
Q

what is the vagina

A

muscular canal connecting uterus to vaginal opening

48
Q

what are the corpora cavernosa jobs

A

engorge blood

49
Q

what are the vestibular bulbs

A

long masses of erectile tissue

50
Q

what is the female vulva

A

external genitalia

51
Q

what is the ductus deferens

A

travels from testes to prostate to deposit sperm in prostatic urethra

52
Q

what are the seminal vesciles

A

produce fluid for semen

53
Q

what’s the prostate gland job

A

secretes fluid for 30% makeup of semen and prostatic acid

54
Q

what is prostatomegaly

A

an enlarged prostate

55
Q

what is BPH in the male prostate

A

enlargement due to increase number of cells in prostate

56
Q

what does vas deferens do

A

transport spermatozoa from spermatic cord via prostate gland urethra and penis

57
Q

how is the spermatic cord cooled down

A

counter current exchange

58
Q

where does the right testicular vein drain

A

directly into the IVC

59
Q

where does the left testicular vein drain

A

left renal vein

60
Q

what is testicular varicocele

A

enlargement of pampiniform venous plexus in spermatic cord

61
Q

what is Vaginoplasty

A

making a neovagina

62
Q

what is Phalloplasty

A

making a neophallus

63
Q

what happens during gender reassignment

A

neural structures are moved but preserved

Anatomy (11 decks)

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