W8 - Correlates and determinants of PA and sedentary behaviour

Question 1

What is meant by correlation?

What is the meaning of determinants?

Answer 1

• Correlation - which refers to the statistical relationship between two entities, are not causal factors.
  
  • Determinants - findings that are reproducible associations

Question 2

What are some factors which are associated with PA and sedentary behaviour?

Answer 2

○ Mediators
○ Moderators
○ Barriers
○ Facilitators
○ Confounders
○ Enablers
○ Predictors
○ Factors

Question 3

What is descriptive epidemiology used for?

Answer 3

Enables us to understand patterns and trends in behaviour
– in terms of person (who), place (where) and time (when and why?)
▪ identifies target groups for intervention
– e.g.: physical activity decreases more in women than men, interventions could be targeted at women separately.
▪ identifies mediators, moderators and confounders that are of huge importance in intervention research to increase physical activity or reduce sitting time

Question 4

Describe the socio-ecological model

Answer 4

Examines levels of influence and incorporates variables from multiple theories
▪ Explains how the environment and behaviours interact and affect each other
▪ considers intrapersonal (e.g. biology, psychology), interpersonal (e.g. family, social networks), organisational (e.g. schools, workplaces), community (e.g. access, spaces etc), and policy (i.e. local laws and policy) level factors that influence physical activity and sedentary behaviour.
▪ based on evidence that no single factor can explain why groups of people are physically active or not, or more sedentary than others.

Question 5

What are some examples of intrapersonal, individual factors?

Answer 5

▪ Gender
▪ Age
▪ Stress
▪ Socioeconomic status (+ for LTPA, - for occupational PA)
▪ Motivation
▪ Beliefs

Question 6

What are some interpersonal, behaviour factors?

Answer 6

▪ Transition to university (-)
▪ Pregnancy/having a child (-)
▪ Social support from friends / family
▪ Cultural norms
▪ Social norms

Question 7

Name some environmental factors:

Answer 7

▪ Negative street characteristics
▪ lack of pavements and streetlights
▪ Location of workplace
▪ Local facilities
▪ Greenspace
▪ Workplace support
▪ Weather

Question 8

Provide some policy factors:

Answer 8

▪ Work hours
▪ Inflexible work environment
▪ Mass media campaigns
▪ Program availability in communities

Question 9

What are the 5 domains of self-report sedentariness?

Answer 9

1. Total screen time
2. Television and screen entertainment (TVSE)
3. Transport sitting time
4. Total sitting time (including occupational sitting)
5. Leisure sitting time (time outside of work, TVSE, reading/listening to music/socialising)

Question 10

What are the factors of COM-B system?

Answer 10

Capability
Motivation
Opportunity