W6 - Physical activity surveillance Flashcards
What is IPAQ?
Describe how this helps to overcome surveillance issues
- IPAQ - international physical activity questionnaire (in different languages to create a standardised measurement of PA)
- Measure PA in work, transport & leisure
- Prevalence of insufficient PA (not doing >150 mins of moderate-intensity, or >75 mins of vigorous-intensity PA/per week), estimated from population-based surveys conducted across 168 countries
- For inclusion, PA had to be measured across 4 domains: work, household, transport, and leisure time
What is the GPAQ?
- GPAQ - global physical activity questionnaire
- Numerous countries utilised either the IPAQ or GPAQ
Describe the overall worldwide trend of insufficient PA in 2001-2016
- Globally, 27ꞏ5% of adults were insufficiently active in 2016
- Between 2001 and 2016, levels of insufficient PA decreased marginally and insignificantly (28.5% - 27.5%)
- Women were less active than men in 2001 (31.5% vs 25.5%) and in 2016 (31ꞏ7% vs 23ꞏ4%)
How does PA differ in high to low income countries?
- prevalence of insufficient PA in high-income countries was >double the prevalence in low-income countries in 2016
- Inactivity increased between 2001 and 2016 (31ꞏ6% to 36ꞏ8%) in high income countries
- In low income countries prevalence of inactivity is lower in both men and women as they are employed in more manual labour work
What factors contribute to the reduction is PA in high-income countries?
- Technology
- Transport
- Office jobs
In 2003-2004 what was found in the US National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES)
- First population-based surveillance system incorporating an accelerometer to measure PA
- Utilised the Actigraph 7164 worn on the waist for 7 days 6329 (88%) participants (aged 6+ years) provided at least 1 day of data
○ Key findings:
○ Males more active than females
○ PA declines from childhood to adolescence (42% of 6-11 yrs olds met guidelines vs 8% of adolescents)
○ Huge difference between accelerometery and self-report data
○ <5% of adults met PA guidelines
- Utilised the Actigraph 7164 worn on the waist for 7 days 6329 (88%) participants (aged 6+ years) provided at least 1 day of data
What are some considerations to accelerometer base PA guidelines?
- adherence should be approached with caution as behavioural metrics used to develop PA guidelines differ from device-based measures of MVPA
- PA guidelines are based on self-report tools(in certain contexts) e.g. occupation, household tasks, sports and recreation, or active transportation
- Accelerometers measure ALL behaviours, data from devices and self-report tools should not be seen as interchangeable
What were the findings from the health survey England 2008?
- 4507 adults invited to wear an ActiGraph accelerometer for 7 days, 80% agreed and 48% wore the device for ≥10 hrs/day on ≥4 days
- Men accumulated more MVPA than women (31 vs 24 mins/day)
- Women accumulated more light PA (231 vs 212 mins/day)
Why do women seem to accumulate more light PA than men, but less MVPA?
women tend to complete the following more frequently to men:
- Housework
- Childcare
What were the findings of the UK Biobank study?
- Activity levels were lower by ~7.5% for each increasing decade of age.
- Older participants were less active than younger participants during afternoons/evenings
- Activity levels were slightly higher on weekdays than weekend days
- Activity levels were slightly lower in winter compared to summer
What are some current concerns with the use of wearables to measure PA?
- Data ownership (individual & manufacturer)
- willingness to share with governments
- Population representativeness
– UK study found owners were more active, younger, than non-owners - Short lifespan of wearable devices
- Accuracy of algorithms used are frequently updated - lack of standardisation
- Population representativeness
