W7RUSS Flashcards
What is the geography associated with St. Petersburg?
Lake Ladoga
Neva River
Gulf of Finland
Baltic Sea
Where is Peter Pauls Fortress?
on Hare’s Island - separate from everything else
When was the Seven years war?
1756 to 1763
What was the Seven Years War known as in the Western world?
What was the major repercussion of it?
French and Indian War
France lost it’s Canadian territories
When was the Great Northern War?
1701 - 1721
Who were the antagonists in the Great Northern War?
Sweden vs. Russia (Peter the Great), Saxony and Poland
What was Russia’s embarrassing defeat during the Great Northern War, when and by whom?
Battle at Narva
1701
Charles XII
What was the decisive battle of the Great Northern War?
When was it?
Battle of Poltava
1709
Where is Poltava?
Ukraine
When was Petersburg found?
When did it become capital?
1703
after Battle of Poltava; became capital 1711
Where did the Swedish get their Baltic turf?
During Times of Troubles
What was the result of the peace treaty of the Great Northern War?
Sweden lost its Baltic territory to Russia
What happened status wise to Russia after the Battle of Poltava?
Peter I became Peter the Great
Russia is now empire and ruler is emperor
Who was regent during minority of Peter the Great?
Sophia
When was Peter the Great born and died?
When was his reign?
born 1672
died 1725
1694 - 1725
When did Catherine I die?
ruled for 2 years then died on
1727
Who was Catherine the first?
What was she known as?
second wife of Peter the Great
first female ruler of Russia
Who was Peter II?
When did he die?
grandson of Peter the Great, son of Alexei (the son of Peter the Great that he tortured to death)
1730
What did Peter II threaten to do?
abandon Petersburg
When did Ann rule?
1730’s
What was Ann known for?
making Petersburg stick
What buildings were finished during Ann’s time?
Early Baroque Buildings
Peter Paul Cathedral
Building of the Twelve Colleges
What was the style of Peterl Paul Cathedral?
What was its function?
What unique architectural structure does it have?
Who built it?
Protestant style - Basilica
replaced Archangel Michael Cathedral as the royal church and burial sanctuary for rulers
tall spires
Domenico Trezzini
What function does the Building of the Twelve Colleges serves?
What does it mean by colleges?
What building does it contain?
Who was it built by?
What island is it on?
main administrative building of St. Petersburg State University
Ministries
Holy Synod
Trezzini
Vasilyevsky Island
How and when (reign) did Elizabeth come to power?
the Imperial Guards brings her
1740’s to 1761
What was Elizabeth’s relation to previous rulers?
daughter of Peter the Great and Catherine I
What buildings were finished during Elizabeth’s reign?
High Baroque
Peterhof
Catherine Palace at Tsarskoe Selo
Winter Palace on banks of the Neva River
Cathedral of the Resurrection at Smolny Convent
Cathedral of St. Nicholas
Who was Peterhof built by?
What does the name mean?
Bartolomeo Rastrelli
Peter’s village
Why was the Catherine Palace built?
Who built it?
Peter the Great’s give to his second wife Catherine I
Bartolomeo Rastrelli
What does “Tsarskoe Selo” where Catherine Palace is located means?
Tsar’s village
Who built the Winter Palace and where was it located?
Bartolomeo Rastrelli
on the banks of Neva River
Where was the Cathedral of the Resurrection?
Who built it?
What was special about it?
Smolny Convent
Bartolomeo Rastrelli
return to the cross centered plan
Who built the Cathedral of St. Nicholas?
What did he do that was special?
Savva Chevakinsky
he was merging baroque style with the return of the cross centered plan
Who ruled after Elizabeth?
What happened to him?
Peter III
deposed in favor of Catherine the Great (II)
When did Catherine the Great rule?
1762 - 1796
after her husband (Peter III) was strangeled
What was Catherine the Great(II)’s original name?
Sophia
What buildings were associated with Catherine the Great’s rule?
Neoclassical
Hermitage
Cameron’s Gallery
Pavlovsk Palace
Why was it called the Hermitage?
- Catherine reject Baroque in favor of Neoclassicism
- She collected paintings of big name paints - she put the building next to her palace(Winter Palace) - where she could retreat to “hermitage”
Where was the Hermitage?
next to the Winter Palace
Who was the Cameron’s Gallery built by?
Where is it?
What was unique about it?
a Scott - Charles Cameron
attached to Catherine’s Palace at Tsarskoe Selo
has colonnade - row of columns - and peristyle - colonnade goes all around building
Why was Pavlovsk Palace built?
What is it known for?
Catherine built for her son Paul
Palladian (Palladio) style - centered around a rotunda
Who ruled after Catherine the Great?
When did he rule?
Paul
1796 - 1801 (suffocated by own palace guards)
Who ruled after Paul?
What was his relation to previous rulers?
What was he known for?
Alexander I
Paul’s son, Catherine the Great’s grandson
defeating Napolean
When did Alexander I reign?
1801 - 1825
What buildings were built during Alexander I reign?
Late Neoclassical Period
Cathedral of Kazan Mother of God
The Stock Exchange
(winter palace some changes?)
What is Cathedralof Kazan Mother of God known for?
What is it built as?
Field Marshall Kutuzov buried here
1813 - victory Memorial over Naopleon
What type of columns did the Stock Exchange have?
What did the columns do?
not fluted = Tuscan Doric
peristyle
Why were palaces built?
not capricious act of luxuries but “act of state”
to show the rest of the world that Russia could do it
What was a pilaster?
flat vertical member on a facade
What are the three orders?
doric
ionic
corinthian
What was the horizontal member, where the column meets the roof?
capital
What is the horizontal roof line?
entablature
What is the triangular part that is above the horizonal entablature?
What did it contain in ancient Greece?
pediment
statues
Describe doric.
What buildings was it used on?
capital unadorned
Greek doric = fluted
Tuscan (Roman) doric = round/smooth
utilitarian structures
Describe ionic.
What type of buildings was it used on?
scrolls - volute
temple structures
Describe corinthian.
What type of buildings was it used on?
leaf like patterns
great buildings of state (such as court buildings)
if have volute on top, then it’s a composite
What is the buildingn with the tall spires in Peter Paul Fortress?
Peter Paul Cathedral
Where is the Building of the Twelve Colleges?
Vasilyevsky Island
What flanks the Stock Exchange?
rostral columns - victory monument; prows of enemies’ ships on columns
Who was the ruler that wanted Russia to be a sea power?
Peter the Great
Where are Alexander Nevsky’s bones?
Why?
in Petersburg taken from Vladimir
Peter the Great did it to tie his own legacy to Nevsky’s
inside the Alexander Nevsky Monastery
