W4RUSS Flashcards
mosaics
define:
Masters of this:
Step:
Place:
an image made by the combining of thousands of fragments of opaque glasses
smaltose - fragments of opaque glass
Byzantine = master of mosaic technique for religious art
smaltose placed on plaster ground or base
St. Sophia Cathedral in Kiev
frescoes
Define:
Steps:
What is one medium used:
How long:
Place:
paint applied to damp plaster
Step:
- first level of ground
- application of plaster
- outline by charcoal
- painted on plaster with tempura
tempera - colors made with egg as binder
over period of one summer
Mirozhsky Monastery in Pskov
lamentation
Christ was taken down from cross and Mary is holding Him weeping
Epiphany
baptism of Christ
traditional def - sudden startling revelation
Transfiguration
Christ is enveloped by light, and God says that this is my son
Icon
Come from:
Why does it darken over time:
Greek word eikon
the linseed oil in the painting absorded the smoke of the candles of the church
Steps of Making an Icon
- Preparation of the Boards
- With chisel work, depress the main surface of the icoin
- in the depression, apply gesso (chalk like mixture with binder)
- master or apprentice takes stylus and lightly outline the basic pattern
- application of tempera paint (build up color range - from dark to light)
- master does the face
- Fix it with linseed oil
Bonus for Richer: assiste - apply gold leaf (with wolf’s fang)
Vladimir Mother of God
Where was it painted:
Why was it called this:
What type of icon was it:
painted in Constantinople
called this because Andrei Bogolyubsky sacked Kiev and took this icon to his capital at Vladimir
tenderness icon - faces touching
Vladimir Mother of God
Where is it now:
How did it get there:
Moscow
Moscow was going to be invaded by Tamerlane, Moscow went to Vladimir because they needed a icon to use as a battle standard to lead troops (because Mother of God protected Russia - the Intercession)
Tamerlane’s army turned around
How were Saints, church fathers, Christ and Mary portrayed?
in familiar human form, but in a very stylized manner that would immediately impress upon the beholder that the object portrayed is not an ordinary mortal
Iconoclasm
726
people who debunked the veneration of icons claiming it was idolatry
What force played in the rise of Iconoclasm?
rise of Islam
they were very clear that there shall be no human likeness in religious art
When was creation and veneration of icons forbidden?
By who?
726
Byzantine Emperor Leo III
When was icon veneration sanctioned again?
787 - at the second council of Nicea
not enough because of Caesaropapism
not until 843, another emperor proclaimed restored veneration to icons
When did the Slavs accept Christianity?
988
