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z. Psychological Testing and Assessment > W7 - Chapter 12 (Keywords) - DN > Flashcards

W7 - Chapter 12 (Keywords) - DN Flashcards

1
Q

acculturation

A
  • the process an individuals thoughts, behaviours, values, identity & worldview develop in relation to
  • general thinking, behaviour, customs, & values of a particular cultural group

p.436-439

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2
Q

acquiescent response style

A
  • agreeable responding to whatever is presented

also referred to as acquiescence

p.405

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3
Q

Big Five

A

OCEAN

Openness

Conscientiousness

Extraversion

Agreeableness

Neuroticism

p.420

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4
Q

Compare The Big Five to Cattell’s Five

A

**BIG 5 ** **CATTELL’S 5 **

Openness Tough-Mindedness / Receptivity

Conscientiousness Low Self-Control / High Self Control

Extraversion Intraversion / Extraversion

Agreeableness Independence /Accommodation

Neuroticism Low Anxiety / High Anxiety

p.420

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5
Q

control group

A

in test development

  • by means of empirical criterion keying
  • a group of randomly selected testtakers who do not necessarily have the shared characteristic of the standardization sample

p.424

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6
Q

criterion

A
  • standard against which a test or test score is evaluated
    p. 421
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7
Q

criterion group

A
  • a reference group of testtakers
  • share characteristics
  • response serve as a standard by which items will be included or discarded from final version of scale
  • shared characteristic varies as a function of nature & scope of the test being developed

p.421-423

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8
Q

empirical criterion keying

A
  • process of using criterion groups to develop test items
  • the scoring/keying of items has been empirically proven to differentiate among groups of testtakers

p.421

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9
Q

error of central tendency

A
  • raters tendency to rate at or near the midpoint of a scale
  • resulting in less than accurate ratings

p.403

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10
Q

forced-choice format

A
  • an item format
  • used in personality tests
  • testtaker must select an item from two or more items
  • each of the two or more items have been proven to be equal in social desirability

p.412

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11
Q

frame of reference

A
  • in the context of item format
  • aspects of the focus of the item
    • e.g., time frame - past, present or future

p.411

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12
Q

generosity error

A
  • rater’s tendency to be lenient or insufficiently critical
  • results in less than accurate rating

also known as leniency error

p.205, 403

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13
Q

graphology

A
  • handwriting analysis for the purpose of deriving insights into personality
    p. 410
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14
Q

halo effect

A
  • a type of rating error
  • rater views the object of rating with extreme favour
  • inflates ratings
  • resulting in rater’s tendency to be positively disposed & insufficiently critical

p.206, 403

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15
Q

identity

A

* a set of cognitive & behavioural characteristics

  • define an individual as member of a particular group
  • defines individual’s sense of self

p.438

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16
Q

idiographic approach

A
  • approach to personality assessment
  • involves efforts to learn about individual’s unique constellation of personality traits
  • with no attempt to characterise each person according to any particular set of traits

contrast with nomothetic approach

p.414

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17
Q

impression management

A
  • In self-report personality testing
    • ‘faking good’
    • ‘faking bad’
  • attempting to manipulate other’s impressions by
  • selective exposure of information
  • suppression of other information

p.405

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18
Q

instrumental values

A
  • guiding principles
  • in obtaining some objective
    • e.g., honesty & ambition

contrast with terminal values

p.438

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19
Q

leniency error

A
  • rater’s tendency to be lenient or insufficiently critical
  • results in less than accurate rating

also known as generosity error

p.205, 403

20
Q

locus of control

A
  • the self-perceived source of what happens to oneself
    p. 408
21
Q

nomothetic approach

A
  • approach to assessment
  • involves efforts to learn how a limited number of personality traits can be applied to all people

contrast with ideographic approach

p.414

22
Q

personality

A
  • an individuals unique constellation of psychological traits & states

including aspects of

  • values
  • interests
  • attitudes
  • worldview
  • acculturation
  • sense of personal identity
  • sense of humour
  • cognitive & behavioural styles
  • & related charcteristics

p.394

23
Q

personality assessment

A

measurement & evaluation of

  • psychological traits
  • states
  • values
  • interests
  • attitudes
  • worldview
  • acculturation
  • personal identity
  • sense of humour
  • cognitive & behavioural styles
  • &/or related individual characteristics
24
Q

personality profile

A
  • description, graph, or table representing an individuals
    • particular pattern of traits and states

p.398

25
Q

personality trait

A
  • distinguishable
  • relatively enduring
  • ways one individual varies from another

p.394-396

26
Q

personality type

A
  • constellation of traits & states
  • similar in pattern to one already identified within a taxonomy of personalities

p.396-398

27
Q

profile

A
  • results from administration of tools of assessment
  • a narrative, description, graph or table of
    • the extent an individual has demonstrated certain targeted characteristics

p.398

28
Q

profile analysis

A
  • interpretation of patterns of scores on a test or test battery
  • used to generate diagnostic hypotheses

p.398n1

29
Q

profiler

A
  • an occupation associated with law enforcement
  • creates psychological profiles of crime suspects
  • aids law enforcement to capture the profiled suspect

p.398n1

30
Q

Q-sort technique

A
  • an assessment technique
  • task is to sort a group of statements
  • usually in perceived rank order
    • most descriptive to least descriptive
  • may be sorted to reflect various perspectives or points of view

p.411-413

31
Q

response style

A
  • tendency to respond in some characteristic manner regardless of content
    p. 405-406
32
Q

self-concept

A
  • one’s attitudes, beliefs, opinions, and related thoughts about oneself
    p. 401
33
Q

self-concept differentiation

A
  • the degree an individual has different self-concepts in different roles
    p. 401
34
Q

self-concept measure

A
  • instrument
  • yields info about how an individual sees him or herself
    • with regard to psychological variables
  • interpreted in relation to how others see themselves on the same variables

p.401

35
Q

self-report

A
  • assessee provides personal information in forms i.e.,
    • questionnaire
    • diary
    • reporting on self monitored thoughts/behaviours

p. 44, 400-402

36
Q

semantic differential

A
  • an item format
  • bipolar adjectives
    • separated by 7-point rating scale
    • respondents select point between them to indicate response

p.412, 606

37
Q

severity error

A
  • rater’s tendency to be overly critical
    • resulting in less than accurate rating

contrast with generosity error

p.205, 403

38
Q

state

A

dynamic, changing exhibition of a trait

p.118, 398

39
Q

structured interview

A
  • questions posed from a guide
  • little if any leway to deviate permitted

p.410

40
Q

terminal values

A
  • guiding principles or objectives which are endpoint focussed
    • e.g., “a comfortable life”

p.438

41
Q

Type A personality

A
  • personality type charcterised by
    • competitiveness
    • haste
    • restlessness
    • impatience
    • feelings of being time-pressured
    • need for achievement
    • need for dominance
  • from Friedman & Rosenman’s typology

p.397

42
Q

Type B personality

A
  • personality type charcterised by
    • opposite traits to Type A
    • e.g., mellow, laid back

p.397

43
Q

validity scale

A
  • a subscale of a test
  • designed to assess testtaker’s honesty
  • detect
    • response styles
    • carelessness
    • deliberate efforts to deceive
    • unintentional misunderstanding

p.406

44
Q

values

A
  • that which an individual prizes
  • ideals believed in

p.436

45
Q

Welsh code

A
  • shorthand summary of scores
  • on MMPI clinical & validity scales

p.427

46
Q

worldview

A
  • unique way people interpret & make sense of their perceptions in light of
    • learning experiences
    • cultural background and
    • related variables

p.439

z. Psychological Testing and Assessment (35 decks)

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