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z. Psychological Testing and Assessment > W1 - Chapter 1 - Psychological Testing and Assessment > Flashcards

W1 - Chapter 1 - Psychological Testing and Assessment Flashcards

To Master Keywords

1
Q

accommodation

A

the adaptation of a test, assessment, procedure or situation; or substitution of one test for another, to make an assessment more suitable for an assessee with exceptional needs - p.31

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2
Q

achievement test

A

evaluates accomplishment or the degree of learning that has taken place - p.22

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3
Q

alternate assessment

A
  • evaluative or diagnostic procedure/process which varies from usual, customary, or standardised way a measurement is obtained
    e. g., via some special accommodation made to assessee - or alternative method designed to measure same variable(s). - p.31
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4
Q

behavioural observation

A

assessment professionals - monitor actions of self or others - visual or electronic means - records QUANTITATIVE & QUALITATIVE information about those actions. - Often used as diagnostic aid in variety of settings - inpatient facilities, behavioural research laboratories, and classrooms. - p.12

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5
Q

CAPA

A

“Computer Assisted Psychological Testing” - assisted refers to test user - not the testtaker - p.15

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6
Q

case history

A

report or illustrative account compiled on basis of case history data: (also referred to as a case study) p.12

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7
Q

case history data

A
  • records, transcripts & other accounts - written, pictorial or other forms that preserve archival information (i.e., official & informal accounts, & other data & items relevant to an assessee - p.11
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8
Q

case study

A

report or illustrative account compiled on basis of case history data: (also referred to as a case history) p.12

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9
Q

central processing

A

computerized scoring, interpretation or other conversion of RAW test data that is physically transported from the same or other test sites to a central location. Transported by phone lines (teleprocessing), mail, or courier. (contrast with teleprocessing & local processing) p.14

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10
Q

collaborative psychological assessment

A

process of assessment where assessee & assessor work as partners from initial contact through final feedback - p.4

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11
Q

What is a consultative report?

A

type of INTERPRETIVE report - provides EXPERT & DETAILED ANALYSIS of test data - mimics work of an expert consultant p.15

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12
Q

cut score

A
  • (also cutoff score or cutoff)
  • reference point (usually numerical) - derived as a result of judgement
  • divides set of data into 2 or more classifications - with some action to be taken or inference to be made - e.g., aids in decision making by employers etc p.7 & I-9
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13
Q

dementia

A
  • loss of cognitive functioning
  • may affect memory, reasoning, thinking, psychomotor speed, attention, personality & related abilities - caused by damage or loss of brain cells
  • p.24
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14
Q

diagnosis

A
  • description/conclusion reached on basis of EVIDENCE AND OPINION
  • through process of DISTINGUISHING the nature of something & RULING OUT ALTERNATIVE CONCLUSIONS - p.22
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15
Q

diagnostic test

A

A tool used to make a diagnosis - usually to identify areas of deficit to be targeted for intervention - p.22

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16
Q

dynamic assessment

A
  • interactive approach to assessment
  • based on a test-intervention-retest model (p.361)
  • usually follows 1) evaluation, 2) intervention 3) evaluation model (p.6)
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17
Q

extended scoring report

A

provides STATISTICAL DATA on top of just a scoring report - p.14

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18
Q

format

A
  • pertains to the FORM, PLAN, STRUCTURE, ARRANGEMENT & LAYOUT of test items
  • also includes related considerations e.g., time limits, software etc p.7 & I-11
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19
Q

groupthink

A
  • Collective decision-making
  • characterized more by a drive for CONSENSUS than critical analysis & evaluation.
  • May lead to less reasoned & riskier decisions that may have been made by an individual. - p.12
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20
Q

health psychology

A

focusses on understanding the role of psychological variables in the onset, course, treatment & prevention of illness, disease & disability - p.26

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21
Q

informal evaluation

A
  • typically nonsystematic, relatively **brief **“off the record” assessment LEADING to the **formation **of an opinion or attitude.
  • Not subject to same **Ethics **or **Standards **as evaluation by a professional; contrast with formal evaluation - p.22
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22
Q

integrative report

A

a form of INTERPRETIVE REPORT of psychological assessment - Usually computer generated

  • PURPOSE: to integrate data from multiple sources e.g., behavioural, medical, administrative &/or other sources; contrast with scoring report)
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23
Q

interpretive report

A
  • a step up from a scoring report - distinguished by its inclusion of NUMERICAL or NARRATIVE INTERPRETIVE STATEMENTS. - Three types 1) DESCRIPTIVE, 2) SCREENING and 3) CONSULTATIVE (which is at the high end of interpretive reports) - p. 15
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24
Q

interview

A
  • tool of assessment
  • information gathered thru direct, reciprocal communication - p.9-10
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25
Q

local processing

A

ON-SITE computerised scoring, interpretation, or other conversion of raw test data

: (contrast with central processing & teleprocessing). p14

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26
Q

naturalistic observation

A
  • behavioural observation that takes place in naturally occurring setting
  • purpose: evaluation and information gathering
  • p.13
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27
Q

panel interview

A
  • also board interview
  • more than one interviewer participates in the assessment
  • ADVANTAGE (lone interviewer biases minimised) - DISADVANTAGE > (Utility - cost of multiple interviewers may not be justified) p.10
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28
Q

portfolio

A
  • sample of ones work
  • referred to as portfolio assessment when utilized as tool in evaluative or diagnostic process
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29
Q

protocol

A

(1) The form for testtakers responses
(2) a method or procedure for evaluation or scoring
- p.27

30
Q

pseudodementia

A
  • loss of cognitive functioning that mimics dementia - but no loss or damage to brain cells
  • p.24
31
Q

psychological assessment

A
  • gathering & integrating psychological data for psychological evaluation
  • thru use of tests, interviews, case studies, behavioural observation, & specially designed apparatuses and measurement procedures

p I-21

32
Q

psychological autopsy

A

reconstruction of a deceased individuals psychological profile - archival records, artifacts & interviews with the living assessee or people who knew the deceased

33
Q

psychological test

A

measuring device or procedure designed to measure psychology-related variables p.5 & I-21 - almost always involves analysis of a sample of behaviour

34
Q

psychological testing

A
  • measuring psychology-related variables
  • using means/devices/procedures designed to obtain samples of human behaviour - p.2 & I-21
35
Q

psychometrician

A
  • noun variant of psychometric
  • a professional who uses, analyzes, & interprets psychological test data p.9
36
Q

psychometrics

A

the science of psychological measurement

p.9

37
Q

psychometric soundness

A
  • technical quality
  • i.e., how consistently (reliably) & how accurately (validly) a tests measures what it purports to measure p.9
38
Q

psychometrist

A
  • noun variant of psychometric
  • a professional who uses, analyzes, & interprets psychological test data
    p. 9
39
Q

quality of life

A
  • evaluation of variables such as - perceived stress - loneliness - sources of satisfaction - personal values - quality of living conditions - quality of friendships - other social support
  • p.23
40
Q

rapport

A

a working relationship between examiner & examinee in testing & assessment

p.27

41
Q

role play

A

acting an improvised or partially improvised part in a simulated situation

42
Q

role-play test

A
  • assessment tool
  • assessees instructed to act ‘as if’ in a particular situation
  • p.14
43
Q

score

A

a code or summary statement

p.7

44
Q

scoring

A
  • process of assigning evaluative codes/statements to performance on a test, task, interview or other behaviour sample
    p. 7
45
Q

scoring report

A
  • formal or official computer-generated account of test performance
  • usually numerical.
  • two varieties 1) simple scoring report and 2) extended scoring report
46
Q

simple scoring report

A
  • one of the two types of scoring report
  • provides only a list of scores
  • p.14
47
Q

social facilitation

A
  • process by which presence of one or more people can influence performance of other persons
  • specifically the influence of third parties on performance of an assessee
  • p.20
48
Q

teleprocessing

A

test related data sent to & returned to a central location (central processing) via phone lines

49
Q

test

A

measuring device or procedure

50
Q

test catalogue

A
  • distributed by publisher of test
  • usually only brief description of the test
  • seldom has detailed info needed by test user
  • catalogue objective is to sell the test - so will not find critical reviews of a test in a test catalogue
  • p.33
51
Q

test developer

A
  • creates tests & other forms of assessment
  • APA estimates 20,000 new tests each year
  • STANDARDS of ETHICAL BEHAVIOUR specifically address responsible test development & use (American Ed Res Ass - American Psych Ass - Nat Council of Measurement NCME) - referred to as “the standards” Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing - covers test construction & evaluation, administration & use plus other special considerations
52
Q

test manual

A
  • detailed description of a test
  • available from test publisher
  • ideally provides key information needed by test users to make an informed decision about whether the test is appropriate for use with a particular testtaker for a particular purpose
  • p.34
53
Q

testtaker

A
  • anyone who is the subject of an assessment or evaluation
  • testtakers vary with respect to many variables (anxiety, understanding, willingness, pain, emotional distress, alertness, predispositions to agree/disagree, coaching, portrayal of self in good/bad light - also known as assessee
  • p.19
54
Q

test user

A
  • wide range of professionals inc clinicians, counsellors, school psychologists, human resources personnell, consumer psychologists, experimental psychologists & social psychologists
  • ‘the standards’ & other published guidelines identify who is a qualified test user & who should have access to which tests
55
Q

therapeutic psychological assessment

A
  • collaborative approach
  • insights about self encouraged & actively encouraged by assessor
  • p4 - I27 - also refer to p.5 Meet Dr Stephen Finn
56
Q

third parties in psychological assessment

A

may be supervisor, friend or relative of assessee, translator, attorney, or anyone. Robert J McCaffrey (2007) said “No, third parties should not be allowed to be present during an assessment” - SOCIAL INFLUENCE by mere presence - may affect performance - referred to as SOCIAL FACILITATION and INHIBITION p.20 (CLOSE-UP)

57
Q

utility

A

the usefulness or practical value a test or other assessment tool has for a particular purpose p.9

58
Q

JUST THINK: In addition to psychologists, who should be permitted access to, as well as the privilege of using, psychological tests?

A

***

59
Q

JUST THINK: What tools of assessment could be used to address a student’s reading ability? p.22

A

***

60
Q

JUST THINK: What kind of issues do psychologists have to consider when assessing prisoners in contrast to assessing workplace managers? p.23

A

***

61
Q

What recently deceased public figure would you like to see a psychological autopsy done on? Why? What results might you expect? p.21

A

***

62
Q

JUST THINK: What cautions should internet test users keep in mind regarding the source of their test data? p.17

A

***

63
Q

JUST THINK: What are the pros and cons of NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION as tools of assessment? p.13

A

***

64
Q

JUST THINK: What are the pros and cons of using CASE HISTORY DATA as a tool of assessment? p.12

A

***

65
Q

JUST THINK: If you were preparing a portfolio representing “who you are” in terms of your educational career, your hobbies, and your values, what would you include in your portfolio? p.10

A

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66
Q

JUST THINK: What type of interviewing skills must the host of a talk show possess to be considered an effective interviewer? Do these skills differ from those needed by a professional in the field of psychological assessment? If so, how? p.10

A

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67
Q

JUST THINK: How might one test of intelligence have more utility than another test of intelligence in the same school setting? p.9

A

***

68
Q

JUST THINK: What type of interview situation would you envision as ideal for being carried out entirely through the medium of text messaging? p.9

A

***

69
Q

JUST THINK: Imagine you wanted to develop a test for a personality trait you termed “goth”. How would you define this trait? What kinds of items would you include in the test? Why would you include those kinds of items? p.7

A

***

70
Q

JUST THINK: What qualities makes a good leader? How might these qualities be measured? p.4

A

***

71
Q

JUST THINK: Describe a situation in which testing is more appropriate than assessment. By contrast, describe a situation in which assessment is more appropriate than testing. p.2

A

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z. Psychological Testing and Assessment (35 decks)

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