W7 - Blood & O2 Transport Flashcards by Holly Tomlinson

Q

What is referred to as the O2 cascade?

A

Process of reducing O2 tension from the atmosphere down to the cellular level of the mitochondria.

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Q

Dalton’s law

A

Total pressure of a mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the ind gases in a mixture.

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Q

Calculation for daltons law t

A

Partial pressure = % conc x total pressure of mixture

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Q

Henrys law

A

When a mixture of gas is in contact w. a liquid, each gas dissolves in the liquid in proportion to its partial pressure + solubility UNTIL equilibrium is reached + the gas partial pressures are equal in both locations.

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Q

What is solubility in Henrys law?

A

Constant

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Q

Ficks law of diffusion

A

Rate of gas transfer is proportional to:

Tissue area
Diffusion coefficient of the gas
Difference in partial pressure of the gas on the 2 sides of the tissue

+ inversely proportional to the thickness

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Q

Ficks law of diffusion equation

A

V GAS = A x D x (P1-P2) / T

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Q

Ficks law of diffusion equation

What does V GAS represent?

A

Rate of diffusion

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Q

Ficks law of diffusion equation

What does A represent?

A

Tissue area

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Q

Ficks law of diffusion equation

What does D represent?

A

Diffusion coefficient of gas

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Q

Ficks law of diffusion equation

What does P1-P2 represent?

A

Difference in partial pressures

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Q

Ficks law of diffusion equation

What does T represent?

A

Tissue thickness

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Q

Tailor Ficks law of diffusion equation to the lungs

A

V GAS = A X D X (P(little A) - P(little BL)) / T

Little A = Alveoli
Little BL = Bloodstream

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Q

Overview of Artery + Vein anatomy

A

OUTSIDE

Connective tissue

Smooth muscle

Endothelium

INSIDE

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Q

Reasons why capillaries are the main site for GE

A

Single cell layer = thin

Microscopic vessels = 7-10 micrometers in diameter

Slower bf in capillary bed = ⬆️ diffusion time

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Q

What are the different blood samples that can be taken?

A

Capillary

Venous

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Q

Where do you take capillary blood samples from?

A

Fingertip

Ear

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Q

Where do you take venous blood samples from?

A

Venipuncture

Cannula

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Q

What is needed for a capillary blood collection?

A

Disinfectant

Sterile swabs + gloves

Safety-Lancet

Appropriate sample containers (Microvette, minivette, multiverse)

Plasters

Waste container

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Q

At what angle should the capillaries or vessels be kept when taking blood samples?

A

Horizontal or slightly inclined

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Q

What must you do with the sample container after being filled with blood?

A

Invert it

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Q

How can the blood components be separated?

A

Centrifuging it

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Q

List the blood components

Top of test tube to bottom

Study These Flashcards

A

Plasma

Buffy coat

Hematocrit

Q

Plasma content

Study These Flashcards

A

91.5% h20

7% proteins

1.5 % other

What is found in the Buffy coat?

WBC Platelets

Hematocrit content

RBC

Hematocrit % for females

37-47%

Hematocrit % for males

42-52%

Between O2 + CO2 which is less soluble?

O2

By how many times is co2 MORE SOLUBLE at 37 degrees celsius than O2

~22

Transport methods for dissolved O2

Plasma = ~1% Hb = ~99%

How much O2 per litre of blood is dissolved in the plasma?

~3mL

Dissolved O2 establishes the pO2 in the blood, what does this then do?

Regulates breathing Determines loading of Hb

What factors affect Hb O2 affinity

Acidity pCO2 2,3 Bisphosphoglyceric acid Temp

What happens to the affinity of Hb in ⬆️ acidity

⬇️ = O2 unloads

What does it mean that the affinity of Hb ⬇️ in ⬆️ acidity?

More O2 is delivered to acidic sites

What happens to the pCO2 during exercise? What does this mean for the affinity of Hb?

pCO2 = ⬆️ ⬇️ affinity of Hb = The harder the tissue is working = more O2 is released

When is 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate formed?

During glycolysis

How does 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate help unload O2 from Hb?

It binds to Hb itself

What happens to the affinity of Hb to O2 as temp increases? What does this mean?

Affinity ⬇️ = More O2 delivered in warmer muscles During hypothermia = more O2 remains bound

Where can myoglobin be found?

Skeletal + cardiac muscle

How many iron atoms does myoglobin have?

1

Which has a higher affinity? Myoglobin or Hb?

Myoglobin

What does myoglobin do?

Transfers O2 from cell membrane to mit/muscles

What is the cytochrome C oxidase?

Terminal complex of ETC

Where does O2 bind to on cytochrome C oxidase?

Hb a3 group

Which has a higher affinity? Myoglobin or cytochrome C oxidase?

cytochrome C oxidase

Who can blood type A+ give blood to and receive blood from?

To = A+ and AB+ Receive from = A+, A-, O+ and O-

Who can blood type O- give blood to and receive blood from?

To = Everyone From = O-

Who can blood type AB+ give blood to and receive blood from?

To = AB+ From = Everyone

Transport methods for CO2

Dissolved CO2 ~7% Carbamino compounds ~23% Bicarbonate ions ~70%

H2CO3

Carbonic acid

HCO3-

Bicarbonate ions

What is the process of the chloride shift?

Exchange of bicarbonate + chloride across the membrane of RBCs.

What is a hypobaric environment?

Env w. low atmospheric pressure i.e high altitude

What is polycythemia?

Elevated hematocrit %