W5 - CV System Flashcards

(49 cards)

1
Q

What are the purposes of the CV system?

A

Blood transport around body

Regulation of body temp

Supports immune function

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2
Q

In the heart sounds, what is the “Lub”?

A

Closing of AV valves

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3
Q

In the heart sounds, what is the “Dub”?

A

Closing of SL valves

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4
Q

What can the SA node be broken down into?

A

Anterior internodal tract

Middle internodal tract

Posterior internodal tract

Bachmanns bundle

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5
Q

P wave

A

Atrial depolarisation

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6
Q

QRS complex

A

Ventricular depolarisation

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7
Q

T wave

A

Ventricular repolarisation

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8
Q

What initiates atrial depolarisation?

A

SA node

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9
Q

What does the flat part on an ECG between the end of P wave + the start of QRS complex represent?

A

Impulse being delayed by AV node.

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10
Q

At which part of the QRS complex does ventricular depolarisation happen?

A

At apex

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11
Q

Where on an ECG graph does it show where ventricular depolarisation is complete?

A

Flat part between S of QRS complex + start of T wave

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12
Q

Where on an ECG graph does ventricular repolarisation begin?

A

At apex of T wave

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13
Q

Where on an ECG graph does it show that ventricular repolarisation is complete?

A

Flat part after T wave

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14
Q

Resting HR for untrained females + males

A

~70 bpm

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15
Q

Resting HR for trained females + males

A

~50 bpm

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16
Q

Resting HR for bradycardia

A

Less than 60 bpm

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17
Q

Resting HR for tachycardia

A

More than 100 bpm

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18
Q

How is SV calculated?

A

End diastolic vol - end systolic vol

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19
Q

Resting values for SV in untrained females

A

50ml

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20
Q

Resting values for SV in untrained males

21
Q

Resting values for SV in trained females

22
Q

Resting values for SV in trained males

23
Q

Define the Ejection Fraction (EF)

A

Proportion of blood pumped out of left ventricle w/ each beat

(%)

24
Q

Average ejection fraction at rest

25
How is EF calculated?
(SV / End diastolic vol) x 100
26
Define blood pressure
Force exerted by blood vs arterial walls during cardiac cycle
27
What are the units for bp
mmHg
28
What is systolic bp
Force exerted during ventricular systole
29
Which is the highest pressure w/in the vascular system?
Systolic bp
30
What is the diastolic bp
Force exerted during ventricular diastole
31
Which is the lowest pressure w/in the vascular system?
Diastolic bp
32
On a graph showing arterial pulse waveforms, where can the dicrotic notch be found?
As a secondary upstroke in the descending part of a pulse.
33
What does the dicrotic notch represent?
End of systole + beginning of diastole in those arteries.
34
What comes under after the dicrotic notch on a graph showing arterial pulse waveforms?
Diastolic run-off
35
How is bp expressed?
As a ratio: SBP over DBP S- Systolic D - Diastolic
36
What is the normal value for SBP
120 mmHg
37
What is the normal value for DBP
80 mmHg
38
Define mean arterial pressure (MAP)
Avg arterial pressure throughout 1 cardiac cycle.
39
What are the 2 formulas to calculate MAP
DBP + 1/3(SBP-DBP) 2/3(DBP) + 1/3(SBP)
40
Define Rate-pressure product (RPP)
Estimation of myocardial workload + resulting O2 consumption
41
How is RPP calculated?
SBP x HR
42
How is vessel resistance calculated?
(Vessel length x viscosity ) / Vessel radius ^4
43
How is vessel flow calculated?
Pressure grad / vessel resistance
44
How is blood flow calculated?
(Pressure grad x vessel rad^4) / (vessel length x viscosity)
45
What part of this equation to calculate blood flow stays constant? (Pressure grad x vessel rad^4) / (vessel length x viscosity)
Vessel length
46
What part of this equation to calculate blood flow has a slight variation? (Pressure grad x vessel rad^4) / (vessel length x viscosity)
Viscosity
47
List the key determinants for bp
Blood vol Peripheral resistance Blood viscosity HR SV
48
Intrinsic HR What is the internal rhythm set at?
100bpm
49
What 2 parts can the CCC (Cardiac control centre) be split into?
CAC (Cardioaccelerator centre) at SNS CIC (Cardioninhibitory centre) at PNS