W6 Trauma- and stressor-related disorders Flashcards
What percentage of people will experience a traumatic event?
Approximately 90%.
What percentage of those who experience trauma will develop severe post-traumatic stress?
5-20%.
What are the main trauma- and stressor-related disorders in the DSM-5?
Reactive attachment disorder, disinhibited social engagement disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), acute stress disorder (ASD), adjustment disorders, and other specified disorders.
How does trauma exposure influence the development of PTSD?
Severity, duration, and proximity of exposure affect the likelihood of developing ASD, PTSD, or complex PTSD.
What are the criteria for PTSD according to the DSM-5?
Exposure to trauma, intrusive symptoms, persistent avoidance, negative alterations in mood, marked alterations in arousal, duration of more than 1 month, and clinically significant distress.
What is the duration of symptoms required for a diagnosis of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD)?
Symptoms must last from 3 days to 1 month following trauma exposure.
What are the five symptom categories for ASD?
Intrusion, negative mood, dissociation, avoidance, and arousal.
What is the purpose of the Acute Stress Disorder diagnosis?
To identify those at risk for chronic symptoms like PTSD and to explain transient stress responses after trauma.
What is dissociation in the context of trauma?
Disconnection between thoughts, memories, surroundings, actions, and identity.
What are the key stages of Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD)?
Introduction, Fact, Thought, Reaction, Symptom, Teaching, Re-entry.
What is Psychological First Aid?
Providing practical help, facilitating social support, and sharing information about common trauma reactions in the immediate aftermath of trauma.
What is the role of exposure therapy in treating trauma?
It helps individuals confront feared situations to reduce anxiety and learn that the trauma is over and there is no danger.
What are some pharmacological treatments for PTSD?
Benzodiazepines, propranolol, tricyclics, and emerging evidence for MDMA.
How does Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) work?
It involves processing traumatic memories while engaging in dual attention tasks (like eye movements) to reduce the emotional impact of the memories.
What are the two main factors in Mowrer’s two-factor theory of avoidance?
Classical conditioning to a benign stimulus and operant conditioning that reinforces avoidance behaviors through fear reduction.
