W10 Personality Disorders Flashcards
What is the definition of a personality disorder according to the APA (2022)?
An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from cultural expectations, is pervasive, inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment.
At what age must symptoms be present for at least 12 months to diagnose a personality disorder?
Before the age of 18, with the exception of antisocial personality disorder.
What percentage of adults worldwide may have at least one personality disorder?
About 10% (Morgan & Zimmerman, 2018).
What challenges are associated with diagnosing personality disorders?
Minimal insight, presenting with other issues, the need for multiple sessions, and reliance on collateral information.
How does culture influence the diagnosis of personality disorders?
Clinicians must consider cultural differences in behavior, as well as the impact of acculturation and historical injustices on identity and behavior.
In DSM-5, how can personality disorders be coded?
Categorical (specific ‘type’) or Dimensional (based on pathological traits).
What are the five broad trait domains in the dimensional approach to personality disorders?
- Negative affectivity
- Detachment
- Antagonism
- Disinhibition
- Psychoticism
What are the three clusters of personality disorders in DSM-5?
Cluster A: Odd, eccentric (Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal)
Cluster B: Dramatic, emotional, erratic (Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic)
Cluster C: Anxious, fearful (Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive)
What are the diagnostic criteria for Paranoid Personality Disorder?
A pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others, indicated by four or more symptoms such as suspecting exploitation or interpreting benign remarks as malevolent.
What characterizes Schizoid Personality Disorder?
A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and restricted emotional expression, indicated by four or more symptoms like lack of desire for close relationships and emotional coldness.
How does Schizotypal Personality Disorder differ from Schizoid Personality Disorder?
Schizotypal involves social deficits along with cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentric behavior, while Schizoid is characterized mainly by social withdrawal and emotional detachment.
What are the key features of Antisocial Personality Disorder?
Disregard for the rights of others, deceitfulness, impulsivity, irritability, reckless behavior, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse.
What treatment approaches are suggested for Antisocial Personality Disorder?
Early intervention, parent training for children diagnosed with conduct disorder, and medication to control aggression (though effectiveness is limited).
What is the prevalence of Borderline Personality Disorder in community settings?
Approximately 1.9%.
What therapeutic approach is specifically developed for Borderline Personality Disorder?
Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), which includes skills in mindfulness, interpersonal effectiveness, emotional regulation, and distress tolerance.
