W5 Quality of life Flashcards

1
Q

What are the World Health Organisation Quality of Health (WHOQOL) 4 categories?

A

PEPS

Psychological
Environment
Physical
Social

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2
Q

What are some examples of physical health?(7)

A
  • Activities of daily living
    *No dependence on medicinal substances and medical aids
  • Energy and fatigue
  • Mobility
  • Pain and discomfort
  • Sleep and rest
  • Work Capacity
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3
Q

What are some examples of psychological health? (6)

A
  • Bodily image and appearance
  • Negative feelings
  • Positive feelings
  • Self-esteem
  • Spirituality / Religion / Personal beliefs
  • Thinking, learning, memory and concentration
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4
Q

Name the different types of social relationships (3)

A
  • Personal relationships
  • Social support
  • Sexual activity
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5
Q

What are some examples of environment? (8)

A
  • Financial resources
  • Freedom, physical safety and security
  • Health and social care: accessibility and quality
  • Home environment
  • Opportunities for acquiring new information and skills
  • Participation in and opportunities for recreation / leisure activities
  • Physical environment (pollution / noise / traffic / climate)
  • Transport
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6
Q

What can affect Health-related Quality of Life?

A
  • Clinical decisions often affect patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
  • Evidence on patients’ HRQoL can be obtained using patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures.
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7
Q

What is Dijkers’s model of quality of life?
(3 main categories)

A

Societal Standards and Priorities:
* Standards
* Values

Achievements:
* Statuses
* Performance
* Possessions
* Relationships
* Accomplishments
* Characteristics
* Health

Individual Expectations and Priorities :
* Goals
* Aspirations
* Values
* Standards
* Desires
* Needs
* Wants

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8
Q

What are the pros and cons of Generic Measures of HrQOL?
E.g. EQ-5D, Short Form 36 (SF-36) ,Nottingham Health Profile, The Sickness Impact Profile (SIP)

A
  • Wide variety of populations
    + Usually a single instrument
    + Established reliability and validity
    + Allow comparison between conditions or interventions
  • Do not focus on area of interest
  • May not be responsive
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9
Q

What are the pros and cons of Disease Specific Measures of HrQOL ?

E.g. The Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire, Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire

A
  • Focus on problems associated with specific diseases, patient groups or areas of function
    + Clinically sensible
    + May be more responsive than generic instruments
  • Do not allow comparison between conditions
  • Limited in terms of populations and conditions
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10
Q

What is the EQ-5D?
Who is it recommended by?
What are the 5 dimensions of health?

A
  • Most widely used generic PRO questionnaire internationally
  • It is the instrument recommended by NICE
  • Asks patients to indicate whether they have no, some, or extreme problems on each of five dimensions of health:
  • Mobility
  • Self-care
  • Usual activities
  • Pain/discomfort
  • Anxiety/depression
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11
Q

What are some personal considerations of medications:

A
  • Personal situation
  • How to take the medicine
  • Preferences for treatment and expectations
  • Coping with side effects
  • Benefits
  • Age
  • Sexual activity
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12
Q

Professional considerations of a patient taking a medication (6)

A
  • Life expectancy
  • Frailty
  • Time to benefit
  • Net benefit
  • Magnitude of benefit
  • Risk vs. benefit
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13
Q

How to agree treatment targets with patient and/or carer:

A

Examples include:
* Primary prevention
* Symptom control for acute problems
* Outcome expected
* Stopping criteria
* Required tests

Consider alternative approaches:
* Lifestyle change(s)
* Self care (OTC medicines)
* Non-pharmacological options

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