W5 EXAMINABLE CONTENT Flashcards
What is sensory memory/register?
This is when sensory information enters the cognitive system and passed onto working memory. It lasts up to 1 second in vision, and up to 5 second in audition (hearing.)
What is iconic memory?
Iconic memory is the very brief visual sensory memory register that holds a fleeting, high-capacity snapshot of visual information, typically lasting less than a second.
What is long-term memory?
Memory that has unlimited capacity and duration
What is implicit memory?
Unconscious memory used for automatic skills and habits (e.g., riding a bike). Ability to recognise stimuli and events as familiar outside of conscious awareness.
Rovee-Collier et al. (1980) Infant’s recognition memory for casual events: ‘CRIB KICKING’
Infants visited at home, an attractive mobile & an empty stand attached to their crib
Visit 1 (training & short-term retention assessment)
Baseline – foot attached (with a ribbon) to the empty stand to quantify the baseline kick rate ~ 3 min
Learning – foot attached to the attractive mobile, kicking makes the mobile move (reward) ~ 9 min
Visit 2 (long-term retention assessment)
Test: Foot attached to the empty stand
Overall…
Infant memory retained 2-8 days.
Overtime forgotten specifics of mobile
When reminded memory accessible after 14-28 days.
Why is this Rovee Collier study important?
This study demonstrates implicit memory in infants, as they learned and remembered the link between kicking and the mobile moving without conscious recollection.
Blaser and Kaldy’s (2010) study RESULTS on sensory memory in infants STARS
Findings: At 6 months, infants’ visual sensory memory capacity was adult-like (could remember up to 5 objects), and accuracy decreased with more objects.
What is organization in memory?
Organization refers to imposing structure on information to be remembered, such as categorizing or creating hierarchical relationships.
How does organisation develop in children for info processing:
Children’s spontaneous use of organization increases with age. For example:
At 7 years, they use it about 10% of the time.
At 10 years, about 60% of the time.
What is working memory?
Working memory temporarily holds and processes information. It lasts for up to 30 seconds and can hold about 7 ± 2 items.
How does working memory span develop in infants?
At 6.5 months: Infants can store at least 1 object in working memory. They can detect a change in objects when one is revealed after occlusion.
At 12 months: They can remember up to 3 hidden objects.
At 14 months: They start using chunking to increase memory span, remembering up to 6 objects.
What is long-term memory?
Long-term memory has unlimited capacity and duration. It stores explicit (conscious) and implicit (unconscious) memories.
How does long-term memory change with age
As children grow, their memory capacity increases, and they develop better strategies (e.g., chunking, rehearsal).
